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Types of sentences. Виды предложений
Предложение – это единица речи, которая выражает законченную мысль, обладает грамматической формой и интонацией.
Все типы предложений в английском языке можно разделить по структуре и по цели высказывания.
Типы предложений по цели высказывания
• Declarative sentences (повествовательные предложения) – констатация факта. Подразделяется на утвердительное и отрицательное.
• Interrogative sentences (во предложения) – справка или уточнение информации. Имеет четыре типов (общие, специальные, альтернативные и разделительные).
• Imperative sentences (повелительные предложения) – приказ, приглашение или восклицательные предложения) – выражение эмоций.
Типы предложений по структуре предложения. В предложении обычно одно подлежащее и одно сказуемое. Их может быть и два, и три, но в этом случае все подлежащие и сказуемые должны быть однородными.
2. Сложные предложения. Такие предложения состоят из двух частей, которые по-английски называются clauses (части сложного предложения). Clauses бывают двух видов: main clause (главное предложение) и subordinate clause (придаточное предложение). Давайте рассмотрим разные типы сложных предложений в английском языке.
• Compound sentences – сложносочиненные предложения, состоящие из двух или более частей. Обе части независимы друг от друга, то есть мы можем разбить сложное предложение на два и смысл не потеряется.
• Complex sentences – сложноподчиненные предложения, состоящие из двух и более частей, где придаточное подчиняется главному, то есть без главного придаточное теряет смысл соединения частей сложного предложения
• Compound sentences (сложносочиненные предложения) соединяются между собой союзами and (и, а), or (или), but (но) или с запятой, в этом случае союз не нужен.
• Complex sentences (сложноподчиненные предложения) мы соединяем между собой подчинительными союзами: when (когда), if (если), what (что), why (почему), because (потому что), before (перед тем как), after (после того как), while (в то время как) и т.д.
Ex. 1 Define the type of the sentences (declarative, interrogative, imperative or exclamatory)
1. Are you going to Australia or New Zealand?
2. Catherine is a sous-chef in that restaurant.
3. Do you mind taking Larry with us?
4. Good job!
5. I didn’t go to the gym yesterday.
6. I don’t want to take part in this competition!
7. Just look at her!
8. Let’s meet on Saturday.
Ex. 2 Define the type of the sentence (simple, complex or compound)
1. Can I give you a word of advice?
2. I don’t know why he accepted the invitation from a stranger.
3. Lenny and Jessy went shopping and we baked an apple pie.
4. The weather was awful and we decided to stay in.
5. We will go for a walk if the rain stops
6. We will go and find you an elegant dress.
Ex.3 Make a complex sentence using and, but, or, so, because
1. Are you going to make a cake? Have you already made it?
2. I bought a magazine. I haven’t read it yet.
3. It rained yesterday. We stayed at home.
4. Mary often goes to the theatre. She loves operas.
5. My brother is married. He lives in Italy.
6. My brother is married. My sister is single.
7. Our neighbors were very poor. They never asked for help.
8. The taxi stopped. The passenger got out.
9. The taxi stopped. The passenger stayed in the car.
10. They’ve got a nice house. They haven’t got a garden.
Ex. 4 Choose the correct conjunction
1. Some of my friends have found the work (after – while – before) others are still unemployed.
2. I agree with the idea, (since – although – before) I don’t think it’s quite practical.
3. You should brush your teeth (after – before – while) have finished your meal.
4. Let’s go home (after – before – while) it starts raining.
5. The storm started (after – before – while) the kids were playing in the yard.
6. Give this book to Sam (since – when – until) you see him.
7. He has ridden a horse (since – when – until) he was a little boy.
8. The first jeans were designed for workers, (since – although – before) today they are worn all over the world.
9. The sun is quite warm today, (after – while – before) the air is still chilly.
10. (Unless – When – While) they help me, I won’t be able to finish the report on time.
Greetings, readers of RAP.
Hi all, my name is (ваше имя) and I'm a student from Russia. I really enjoy cycling, especially off-road. I like the blowing wind that hits my face when I ride downhill and the feeling of satisfaction when I climb a steep mountain on a bicycle. However, I would also be delighted to travel around the city using my bike, but unfortunately the infrastructure is too poor to meet my needs. I wish cycling was more popular here in Russia. Now it's not safe enough to cycle through the city, at least yet.
Have a good one, (ваше имя)
11. I often send emails to my friends
12. I am often sent abroad on a business trip
13. I am often invited to the cinema
14. My sister is often helped at school
15. I sometimes forget to take a travel card
16. I don't write a lot of letters
17. A. Christie's books are read with great pleasure
18. Dogs like bones
19. Dogs are liked in many families
20. When is tea drunk in your family?
21. Where are the old letters kept?
22. Why are these rules always forgotten?
23. Why do you always forget these rules?
24. Where do your friends live?
25. Where is bread bought?
26. When are questions asked?
Объяснение: