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1) Общая формула органического вещества – CxHyOz.
Определим количество вещества и массу углерода в исходном органическом веществе по количеству образовавшегося углекислого газа:
n(C) = n(CO2) = V(CO2) / Vm = 2,016 л / 22,4 л/моль = 0,09 моль
m(C) = n(C) * M(C) = 0,09 моль * 12 г/моль = 1,08 г
Рассчитаем количество вещества и массу водорода в исходном органическом веществе по количеству образовавшейся воды:
n(H) = 2 * n(H2O) = 2 * m(H2O) / M(H2O) = 2 * 2,16 г / 18 г/моль = 0,24 моль
m(H) = n(H) * M(H) = 0,24 моль * 1 г/моль = 0,24 г
Вычислим массу и количество кислорода в исходном органическом веществе:
m(O) = m(в-ва) - m(C) - m(H) = 2,28 г - 1,08 г - 0,24 г = 0,96 г
n(O) = m(O) / M(O) = 0,96 г / 16 г/моль = 0,06 моль
Определим соотношение атомов в молекуле:
x : y : z = [n(C)] : [n(H)] : [n(O)]
x : y : z = 0,09 : 0,24 : 0,06 = 1,5 : 4 : 1 = 3 : 8 : 2
Молекулярная формула вещества – C3H8O2.
2) Составим структурную формулу исходного вещества - пропандиол-1,2 (пропиленгликоль):
H²C-OH
|
HC-OH
I
H³C
3) Представим уравнение реакции пропиленгликоля с азотной кислотой, в результате образуется сложный эфир - динитрат пропиленгликоля:
H²C-OH
|
HC-OH + 2 HNO³
I
H³C