30 л углекислого газа (н.у.) пропустили над раскаленным углем, полученную смесь пропустили над нагретым оксидом меди, при этом образовалось 64 г меди и выделился чистый углекислый газ. Найти практический выход угарного газа в первой реакции.
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Пусть масса СО2 = х г, Масса N2 = у г.
Массовые доли их равны.
х/(х+у) = у/(х+у)
х=у - первое уравнение.
n(CO2) = m(CO2)/M(CO2) = x/44
n(N2) = y/28
V(CO2) = n(CO2)*Vm = x/44 *22,4
V(N2) = y/28 *22,4
Общий объем этой смеси равен 4,032. Составляем второе уравнение:
x/44 *22,4 + y/28 *22,4 = 4,032
Получили систему:
х=у
x/44 *22,4 + y/28 *22,4 = 4,032
Решаем ее. Согласно первому уравнению вместо у можно просто ставить х.
x/44 *22,4 + х/28 *22,4 = 4,032
x/44 + х/28 = 4,032/22,4
x/44 + х/28 =0,18
28х + 44х = 0,18*44*28
72х = 221,76
х = 3,08
m(CO2) = 3,08 г, n(CO2) = 3,08/44 = 0,07 моль, V(CO2) = 0,07*22,4 = 1,568 л, фи(СО2) = 1,568/4,032 = 0,39
m(N2) = 3,08 г, n(N2) = 3,08/28 = 0,11 моль, V(N2) = 0,11*22,4 = 2,464 л, фи(N2) = 2,464/4,032 = 0,61.
(Проверка: V(CO2)+V(N2) = 1,568 + 2,464 = 4,032. Решение верное)
Вторая часть.
Возможные реакции СО2 с гидроксидом натрия:
CO2 + NaOH = NAHCO3
CO2 + 2NaOH = Na2CO3 + H2O
m(NaOH) = m(p-paNaOH)*W(NaOH) = 20*0,28 = 5,6 г
n(NaOH) = m(NaOH)/M(NaOH) = 5,6/40 = 0,14 моль
V(CO2) = V(смеси)* фи(СО2) = 2*0,39 = 0,78 л
n(CO2) = V(CO2)/Vm = 0,78/22,4 = 0,035 моль.
n(NaOH):n(CO2) = 0,14:0,035 = 4:1 (поделили обе цифры соотношения на меньший член, т.е. на 0,035).
Имеем избыток гидроксида натрия. Значит будет проходить вторая реакция
CO2 + 2NaOH = Na2CO3 + H2O
Продукт реакции - карбонат натрия Na2CO3.
Объяснение: