1. The official name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
2. The UK is situated in the north-west of Europe.
3. the Uk cosists of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland.
4.The capital of Britain is London.
5. the oldest part of London is the City.
6. the mostly working class part of London is the EastEnd.
7. the symbol of wealth and culture is the West End.
8. the official part of london is Westminster.
9. London is situated on Thames.
10. the capital of Scotland is Glasgow.
11. the capital of Wales is Cardiff.
12. the capital of Northen Ireland is Belfast.
13.the lion is a symbol of England.
14. The Scottish Thistle is the symbol of Scotland.
15. The Red Dragon is the heraldic symbol of Wales.
16. Red Hand and Shamrock are the symbols of the Northern Ireland.
17. the national costume of Scotland is kilt.
18. The bagpipe is the national instrument of Scots.
19. Christmas Day is December 25 in Britain.
20. the traditional christmas meal in Britain is turkey with cranberry sauce and pudding.
21.The Romans first came to England under Julius Caesar in 55 and 54 BC
22. Angles, Saxon, and Jutes invaded Britain in the 5th century.
23. the vikings came to Britain in the 9th century.
2
1. the British Isles lie in the north-west of Europe.
2. the western coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea
3.the eastern part is washed be the North Sea.
4. the English Chanel lies between Britain and Europe.
5.Great Britain is the largest island of the British Isles.
6. the peak mountain peak in Wales is Snowdon.
7. Ben Nevis is the mountain peak in Britain.
8. the northern part of Scotland is called Highlands.
9. the southern part of scotland is called Lowlands.
10. the longest river in britain is Severn.
11. the Brirish people often talk about the weather because they think it is the best way to start a conversation.
12. the most famous forest in england is Sherwood.
13. it is never too hot or too cold in Britain because the sea enters deeply into the land and has a great influence on the climate.
14. the worst thing about the climate in Britain is the thick fog.
15. Autumn is the best and the driest season in Britain.
16. it is famouse because of the monster best known as Nessie.
17. because England is an isle and every part of it is washed by the water.
3.
1. British coronations are held in Westminster Abbey.
2. the London home of the queen is Buckingham Palace
3. The official residence of the British Prime Minister is no.10 Downing Street, a large Georgian town house located in Westminster near to the Houses of Parlament.
4. The Palace of Westminster is the official name of the parlament building.
5. Many famous people of Great Britain are burried in westminster Abbey.
6. the Tower of London in the past was a royal residence, a fortress and a prison.
7. Today the Tower of London is one of the country's most popular tourist attractions.
8. the raverns live in the Tower of London.
9. It was built between 1675 and 1710
10.Hyde Park is famous for its famous Speakers' Corner, where people speak their minds
11. in the centre of Trafalgar square is a monument to admiral Nelson.
12. Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London.
13. it is famouse for wax statues of famous people.
14. Covent Garden is a district in London
15. Whitehall connects 2 of London great squares - Parliament Square at the south end and Trafalgar Square at the North.
16. The Zoo is located in Central London in Regents Park.
17. It is famous for the fountain that was installed here at the end of the 19th century .
18. Scotland yard is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police in London.
19. This is Stratford Upon Avon
20. it is famous university town
21. The Stockton and Darlington railway in north-eastern England was the world's first publicly subscribed passenger railway.
Виды - двойники. Порой самые опытные биологи становятся в тупик, определяя, принадлежат ли данные особи к одному виду или нет.
Основным критерием вида у Ч. Дарвина и большинства систематиков- дарвинистов второй половины XIX - первой половины XX в. было морфологическое различие между разными видами и отсутствие такого различия между подвидами одного вида. Действительно, особи разных, даже близких видов различаются по размерам (самые мелкие горностаи крупнее самых крупных ласок), окраске (белый и бурый медведь) и другим морфологическим признакам. Однако в настоящее время накоплено достаточное количество фактов, свидетельствующих о том, что существуют виды-двойники, не имеющие заметных морфологических различий, но в природе не скрещивающиеся между собой из-за разных хромосомных наборов. Выяснено, например, что под названием "малярийный комар" скрывается на самом деле несколько (до 15) внешне неразличимых видов-двойников. Установлено, что под названием "черная крыса" скрываются два вида- двойника: 38-хромосомные крысы, связанные распространением с экспансией индоевропейских цивилизаций (Европа, Африка, Америка, Австралия, Новая Зеландия, Азия к западу от Индии), и 42-хромосомные крысы, связанные своим распространением с монголоидными цивилизациями (Азия к востоку от Бирмы, Индонезия, Филиппины, Китай, Япония, Океания).
Благодаря усовершенствованию цитологических методов исследования число обнаруженных видов-двойников быстро увеличивается. Следовательно, морфологический критерий оказывается недостаточным для выделения видов в природе.
1. The official name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
2. The UK is situated in the north-west of Europe.
3. the Uk cosists of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland.
4.The capital of Britain is London.
5. the oldest part of London is the City.
6. the mostly working class part of London is the EastEnd.
7. the symbol of wealth and culture is the West End.
8. the official part of london is Westminster.
9. London is situated on Thames.
10. the capital of Scotland is Glasgow.
11. the capital of Wales is Cardiff.
12. the capital of Northen Ireland is Belfast.
13.the lion is a symbol of England.
14. The Scottish Thistle is the symbol of Scotland.
15. The Red Dragon is the heraldic symbol of Wales.
16. Red Hand and Shamrock are the symbols of the Northern Ireland.
17. the national costume of Scotland is kilt.
18. The bagpipe is the national instrument of Scots.
19. Christmas Day is December 25 in Britain.
20. the traditional christmas meal in Britain is turkey with cranberry sauce and pudding.
21.The Romans first came to England under Julius Caesar in 55 and 54 BC
22. Angles, Saxon, and Jutes invaded Britain in the 5th century.
23. the vikings came to Britain in the 9th century.
2
1. the British Isles lie in the north-west of Europe.
2. the western coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea
3.the eastern part is washed be the North Sea.
4. the English Chanel lies between Britain and Europe.
5.Great Britain is the largest island of the British Isles.
6. the peak mountain peak in Wales is Snowdon.
7. Ben Nevis is the mountain peak in Britain.
8. the northern part of Scotland is called Highlands.
9. the southern part of scotland is called Lowlands.
10. the longest river in britain is Severn.
11. the Brirish people often talk about the weather because they think it is the best way to start a conversation.
12. the most famous forest in england is Sherwood.
13. it is never too hot or too cold in Britain because the sea enters deeply into the land and has a great influence on the climate.
14. the worst thing about the climate in Britain is the thick fog.
15. Autumn is the best and the driest season in Britain.
16. it is famouse because of the monster best known as Nessie.
17. because England is an isle and every part of it is washed by the water.
3.
1. British coronations are held in Westminster Abbey.
2. the London home of the queen is Buckingham Palace
3. The official residence of the British Prime Minister is no.10 Downing Street, a large Georgian town house located in Westminster near to the Houses of Parlament.
4. The Palace of Westminster is the official name of the parlament building.
5. Many famous people of Great Britain are burried in westminster Abbey.
6. the Tower of London in the past was a royal residence, a fortress and a prison.
7. Today the Tower of London is one of the country's most popular tourist attractions.
8. the raverns live in the Tower of London.
9. It was built between 1675 and 1710
10.Hyde Park is famous for its famous Speakers' Corner, where people speak their minds
11. in the centre of Trafalgar square is a monument to admiral Nelson.
12. Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London.
13. it is famouse for wax statues of famous people.
14. Covent Garden is a district in London
15. Whitehall connects 2 of London great squares - Parliament Square at the south end and Trafalgar Square at the North.
16. The Zoo is located in Central London in Regents Park.
17. It is famous for the fountain that was installed here at the end of the 19th century .
18. Scotland yard is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police in London.
19. This is Stratford Upon Avon
20. it is famous university town
21. The Stockton and Darlington railway in north-eastern England was the world's first publicly subscribed passenger railway.
22. the famous satdium in London is Wembley
23. Wimbeldon is associated with tennis.
Виды - двойники. Порой самые опытные биологи становятся в тупик, определяя, принадлежат ли данные особи к одному виду или нет.
Основным критерием вида у Ч. Дарвина и большинства систематиков- дарвинистов второй половины XIX - первой половины XX в. было морфологическое различие между разными видами и отсутствие такого различия между подвидами одного вида. Действительно, особи разных, даже близких видов различаются по размерам (самые мелкие горностаи крупнее самых крупных ласок), окраске (белый и бурый медведь) и другим морфологическим признакам. Однако в настоящее время накоплено достаточное количество фактов, свидетельствующих о том, что существуют виды-двойники, не имеющие заметных морфологических различий, но в природе не скрещивающиеся между собой из-за разных хромосомных наборов. Выяснено, например, что под названием "малярийный комар" скрывается на самом деле несколько (до 15) внешне неразличимых видов-двойников. Установлено, что под названием "черная крыса" скрываются два вида- двойника: 38-хромосомные крысы, связанные распространением с экспансией индоевропейских цивилизаций (Европа, Африка, Америка, Австралия, Новая Зеландия, Азия к западу от Индии), и 42-хромосомные крысы, связанные своим распространением с монголоидными цивилизациями (Азия к востоку от Бирмы, Индонезия, Филиппины, Китай, Япония, Океания).
Благодаря усовершенствованию цитологических методов исследования число обнаруженных видов-двойников быстро увеличивается. Следовательно, морфологический критерий оказывается недостаточным для выделения видов в природе.
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