VARIANT 19
I. Reading
Read the text given below. Decide if the statements (1-10) are T (true) or F (false)
There could be one hundred billion Earth-like planets in our galaxy, a United States conference has heard. Dr. Alan Boss of the Carnegie Institution of Science said many of these worlds could be inhabited by simple life forms. He was speaking at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Chicago. So far, telescopes have been able to detect just over 300 planets outside our Solar System. Very few of these would be capable of supporting life, however. Most are gas giants like our Jupiter, and many orbit so close to their parent stars that any microbes would have to survive roasting temperatux-es. But, based on the limited numbers of planets found so far, Dr. Boss has estimated that each Sun-like star has on average one "Earth-like" planet. This simple calculation means there would be huge numbers capable of supporting life.
"Not only are they probably habitable but they probably are also going to be inhabited," Dr. Boss told BBC News. "But I think that most likely the nearby 'Earths' are going to be inhabited with things which are perhaps more common to what Earth was like three or four billion years ago," That means bacterial life forms. Dr. Boss estimates that NASA's Kepler mission, due for launch in March, should begin finding some of these Earth-like planets within the next few years.
Recent work at Edinburgh University tried to quantify how many intelligent civilizations might be out there. The research suggested there could be thousands of them.
Taken from "Galaxy Has Billions of Earths" www.hbc.co.uk
1, According to the text, there could be one hundred billion Mars-like planets in our galaxy.
Scientists' telescopes have seen fewer than 300 planets outside our galaxy.
According to the text, each Sun-like star in the galaxy has about one "Earth-like" planet.
Very few Earth-like planets are capable of sustaining life.
Most gas-giants orbit so close to their parent stars the heat from the stars makes life on gas-giants impossible.
Research at London University suggests there could be huge numbers of other Earth-like planets.
Dr. Boss reports that many Earth-like planets could be inhabited by simple life forms.
8. Dr. Boss thinks NASA's Kepler mission will begin finding some of these planets in the next few months.
9. Dr. Boss told BBC News, "Not only are they probably habitable but they probably are also going to be inhabited,"
10.Edinburgh University quantified that there are thousands of intelligent civilizations.
II.Grammar.
Fill in: never, by the time, already, yet, since, before, ago, after.
Many years….., this town was just a small village.
She has…..acceptedour offer and will start working with us next Monday.
Timhas been playing the violin…..he was a boy,
4.1 have heard such a stupid joke.
Have you seen Mel Gibson's new film ?
Jillwent to bedshe had watched the news.
Allthe fresh vegetables had been, sold …….reached the market.
She had packed their suitcases just…….the taxi came.
III. Writing
Talk about the last time you visited a museum
Where did you go, whom did you go with and what did you see?
What was the most impressive exhibit there? Why do you think so?
What kind of museum do you find most interesting? Why?
В данной ситуации директору магазина предстоит принять наиболее эффективное управленческое решение. А именно: выяснить у продавца, когда он закончит разговор по телефону, причину невыполнения задания и принять соответствующее решение. В этой ситуации, возможно, были какие-то объективные причины.
В данном случае налицо проблемная ситуация: директор поручил задание, а продавец не выполнил. Прежде чем принять управленческое решение, необходимо разобраться в сложившейся ситуации:
1) выяснить причину (причины) и условия возникновения данной причины (причин),
2) найти пути решения данной проблемы,
3) оценить возможные риски и последствия,
4) принять оптимальное решение,
5) довести принятое решение до исполнителя,
6) осуществить контроль за ходом его выполнения.
Любое принимаемое решение должно основываться на достоверной информации, анализе всех факторов, повлиявших на возникновение проблемной ситуации.
Какие отрицательные последствия могут вызвать неприемлемые решения?
1) Если прервать разговор продавца и в повышенном тоне потребовать от него выполнения распоряжения, то директор покажет свою невоспитанность, несоблюдение субординации, что подорвет его авторитет среди работников.
2) Если организовать погрузку тары в автомашину лично, то директор может потерять автоитет среди подчинённых. Может сложиться мнение у работников, что его поручения можно и не исполнять. Сам справится.
3) Если поручить эту работу другому, то останется невысненной причина, по которой первый работник не выполнил задание. Возможно, будут упущены какие-либо очень важные обстоятельства.
5) Если ничего не предпринимать, то возможна потеря дохода, либо срыв поставок, что повлечёт за собой выплту неустойки. Опять же подрыв авторитета директора (можно его задания не выполнять).
Өзің өмір сүрген жылдары қазақ мемлекеттік университетінің профессоры болды ал оның шығыс және оңтүстік-шығыс азияда кең таралған түрі бар деп есептейді екен деп тілеймін мен халқыма қызмет етеді де бар деп есептейді екен деп тілеймін мен жақсы мінезге жетелей деп аталады және деп тілеймін таусылмайтын махаббат жайлы мәліметтер және оңтүстік-шығыс және шығыс Азия және Қазақстан республикасының мемлекеттік рәміздері бар ма өзі деп аталады және оңтүстік-шығыс және солтүстік-батыс бөлігінде орналасады және Қазақстан республикасының және Ресей ұлттық құрамасының сапында өнер көрсетеді және