выполнить совершенное время)
Past Perfect Tense или совершенное время – время, используемое для выражения действия, которое завершилось в каком-то конкретном моменте в Оно не используется самостоятельно, так как связано с другим событием.
«Когда он прибыл на автобусную остановку (в 8:15), автобус уже уехал (в 8:00)»
Тут мы видим, что сначала уехал автобус, а потом пришел мужчина. Поэтому в первом действии мы ставим Past Perfect, а во втором действии Past Simple.
Проще говоря, Past Perfect Tense выражает действие, которое произошло раньше другого действия.
Сказуемое в Past Perfect состоит из двух частей: вс глагола had и третьей формы основного глагола (к правильному глаголу прибавляем окончание -ed, а форму неправильного берем из третьей колонки таблицы неправильных глаголов).
Повествовательное предложение.
I/He/She/It/We/You/They + had + 3-я форма глагола
I had done. – Я сделал.
He had seen. – Он увидел.
She had found. – Она нашла.
It had fallen. – Оно упало. We had learned. – Мы выучили.
You had decided. – Вы решили.
They had gone. – Они ушли.
I/He/She/It/We/You/They + had not + 3-я форма глагола
I had not done. – Я не сделал.
He had not seen. – Он не увидел.
She had not found. – Она не нашла.
It had not fallen. – Оно не упало. We had not learned. – Мы не выучили.
You had not decided. – Вы не решили.
They had not gone. – Они не ушли.
Отрицание
В отрицательном предложении между вс глаголом had и основным глаголом появляется частица not.
Как и во многих других временах, в Past Perfect есть сокращенные формы, которые используются в разговорной речи. В утвердительном предложении had объединяется с местоимением, в отрицательном – с частицей not. Например:
• I’d done.
• You’d decided.
• I hadn’t done.
• You hadn’t decided.
Had + I/he/she/it/we/you/they + 3-я форма глагола
Had I done? – Я сделал?
Had he seen? – Он увидел?
Had she found? – Она нашла?
Had it fallen? – Оно упало? Had we learned? – Мы выучили?
Had you decided? – Вы решили?
Had they gone? – Они ушли?
Во Во предложение начинается со вс глагола had, за которым следует подлежащее и основной глагол.
УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ PAST PERFECT
Past Perfect всегда идет рука об руку с другим действием в показывает действие, которое произошло раньше другого действия или определенного момента в Другое действие в чаще всего обозначается Past Simple, при этом могут использоваться специальные слова: by... (к какому-то времени/моменту), after (после того как), before (перед тем как, до того как), when (когда), earlier (раньше), first (сперва, сначала).
We arrived at the station at 7.30, but the train had left. – Мы прибыли на вокзал в 7:30, но поезд уже ушел. (сначала поезд ушел, потом мы прибыли на вокзал)
Время Past Perfect похоже по значению на Present Perfect с той разницей, что время действия происходит не в настоящем (сейчас), а в тогда).
They are not at home. They have gone shopping. → They were not at home. They had gone shopping.
Их нет дома. Они ушли за покупками. → Их не было дома. Они ушли за покупками.
Другая общая черта Present Perfect и Past Perfect – наречия just (только что), already (уже), yet (уже, еще).
They were moving to another country, but they hadn’t told their parents yet. – Они переезжали в другую страну, но еще не сказали об этом своим родителям.
Самая рас ошибка, которую допускают с Past Perfect – употребляют это время там, где не нужно, чаще всего вместо Past Simple. Например, когда мы говорим о действии, которое произошло давно. Помните, что Past Perfect работает, только когда есть два действия.
I learned English at school. – Я учил английский в школе.
I had learned English before I entered the university. – Я учил английский до того, как поступил в университет.
«Когда он прибыл на автобусную остановку (в 8:15), автобус уже уехал (в 8:00)»
Тут мы видим, что сначала уехал автобус, а потом пришел мужчина. Поэтому в первом действии мы ставим Past Perfect, а во втором действии Past Simple.
Проще говоря, Past Perfect Tense выражает действие, которое произошло раньше другого действия.
Сказуемое в Past Perfect состоит из двух частей: вс глагола had и третьей формы основного глагола (к правильному глаголу прибавляем окончание -ed, а форму неправильного берем из третьей колонки таблицы неправильных глаголов).
I believe that our deserved history, the memory of our nice ancestors will help us to overcome the difficulties of the coming time. History is a witness of that: in difficult times our people always united and converted its misfortunes into its victories. In former times our ancestors said that the strength of the people is in its unity. I think that our people will always follow the will of our ancestors and will always be strong and united. We will never forget our language, our culture and our traditions. On the contrary we will develop them and in 2050 all the people will beautifully speak the Kazakh language and our culture and traditions will be deeply involved in our future generation. I know that in 2050 Kazakhstan will be a strong and a successful country. As our President said in his message: “I am firmly sure that Kazakh people by 2050 will be the society of educated, free people speaking three languages. They are the citizens of the world. They travel around the world. They are open to new knowledge. They are hardworking. They are patriots of their country. There will be a government with strong economy, where everything is done for our people: the best education, the best medical service. Where piece and calm reign. Where the citizens are free and equal. I believe that we are moving by the right course and nothing can bring us down from the right way. If we are strong we will be reckoned. If we hope on miracles or rely on the others we will lose the achieved”. There is no doubt that Kazakhstan of the XXI century is independent and free. The changes taking place in the world under the long and global crisis do not frighten us. We are ready to them. Now our task is to continue stable developing in XXI century, keeping all we achieved during the time of the sovereignty. Our main aim is by 2050 to create the society of prosperity on the base of the strong government, developed economy and the possibilities of the general labour. The strong government is especially important for providing the conditions of the rapid economical growth. Today we all are proud of our achievements. The World crisis confirmed that we became a State and a society. Our boundaries, political system, economical model are not any more the object of serious disagreements and discussions neither in the country nor out of it.
Our President touched ten global challenges of the XXI century in his message. They are: speeding-up of the historical time, global demographical disbalance, threat of global food-producing safety, urgent deficit of water, global energetical safety, exhaustance of the nature resources, the third industrial revolution, growing social instability, the crisis of values of our civilization, the treat of new world unstabilisation. I am sure that all those challenges will be fulfilled by the 2050. In the last 20 years our Kazakhstan accomplished modernization in all spheres of the society’s life in very high temp. And in this short time was done so much that other countries took 100 years. Nowadays we live in the time of new technologies. In 2050 the technologies will be more developed and they will change not only the environment but also the people. Even today everything is developing in all spheres of life. Some people are rich and successful, they run their businesses or make a good career but some people can’t find a good job. The good thing is that our country doesn’t have the unemployment problem. But I hope that by 2050 the social stability in our country will be strengthened. And we will keep in touch with other nations and will become the bridge for the interactivity between the East and West. Global economical system can give a serious reduction even in 2013-2014; call a crumbling of world prices for raw materials. It is undesirable for us. It means that the crisis of 2009 can continue. I believe that it is not touched our strong country. I am always proud of my country. I am a schoolgirl and I know that we have all the opportunities to get the best education. Our President said in his message: “I rely on you – new generation of Kazakhstan. You must become the mover of the new course. Our Government does everything to open before us new opportunities that our parents couldn’t even think of them. In conclusion, I would like to say we are young people of Kazakhstan and we are responsible for realization of new strategically course “Kazakhstan-2050”. We must study well and use new technologies in order to be useful for the next generation. We will always remember that our success is the success of our parents, relatives, families, our countrymen and of our Motherland.
2. big — bigger — biggest
heavy — heavier — heaviest
short — shorter — shortest
dirty — dirtier — dirtiest
expensive — more expensive — most expensive
cheap — cheaper — cheapest
important — more important — most important
bad — worse — worst
happy — happier — happiest
bright — brighter — brightest
dark — darker — darkest
dry — drier — driest
wet — wetter — wettest
weak — weaker — weakest
early — earlier — earliet
funny — funnier — funniest
pale — paler — palest