Вставьте артикль “the” вместо точек там, где это необходимо. Напишите перевод предложений.
1. … Kate was born in … Argentine in … city called … Buenos Aires.
2.They prefer to spend … their holidays near … Lake Baikal rather than go to … Black Sea.
3. … Earth is … third planet from … Sun.
4. … Sarah was thinking about going to … college after graduating from … school.
5. I had to turn to … right and then to … left to find … hotel I needed.
6. Its name was … Bowery Inn Hotel. … Lenina street is … most popular street name in … Russia.
7. She left a book in a class so she had to return to … institution to take it.
8. … Hermitage is the historical centre of … Saint-Petersburg.
9. You may always find some interesting books in … library.
10. In … January they plan a trip to … USA and … Canada.
Вставьте артикль a/an вместо точек, где это необходимо.
1. David has been dreaming about being … doctor since his childhood.
2. Please don't scream, I’ ve got … headache!
3. If you lend me … few coins, I would buy … newspaper.
4. He was late, I had to wait for him for half … hour.
5. She ate … ice cream and as … result she got … sore throat.
6. Would you like to go for … walk with me in the evening?
7. Don't leave … iron here, it's hot!
8. … orange is … my favourite fruit.
9. As … rule he sleeps 8 hours … day.
10. I wish you to have … good time in … Moscow.
Вспомните употребление артиклей с географическими названиями. Вставьте вместо пропусков нужный артикль.
1. … Iberian Peninsula is divided between 3 states: … Portugal, … Spain and … Andorra.
2. … Adriatic Sea separates … Italy from … Balkan Peninsula.
3. … Sahara desert and … Kalahari desert are the largest deserts in … Africa.
4. Ann had to cross … Atlantic Ocean to get from … Europe to … Argentine.
5. Many rare and unusual animals live in … Australia.
6. The northernmost point of … Russian Federation is … Cape Chelyuskin.
7. … Mont Blanc is the mountain in … Europe between … France and … Italy.
8. Nowadays some people prefer to spend winter in such hot countries as … Thailand.
9. … Great Lakes consist of several lakes connected with each other: … Lake Superior, … Lake Michigan, … Lake Ontario, … Lake Huron and … Lake Erie.
10. … Urals are very old mountains and are famous for their mineral resources.
При переводе прямой речи в косвенную, временные формы глаголов сдвигаются на шаг в кроме следующих случаев:
1. Слова автора в настоящем или будущем времени: He will say that he has been there before.
2. Действие в Past Perfect (Continuous) или Future-in-the-Past: He said that he felt happy after he had done it.
3. Обстоятельства времени не изменились: He said that he bought it yesterday.
4. Выражение всегда верно: The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.
5. Выражение верно длительный период времени: He said that he loves you.
6. Сообщение повторяется сразу: He said that the food is delicious.
7. Условные предложения 2 типа: He said that if he were you, he wouldn’t do it.
8. Желаемые события: She said she wished she were younger.
9. Глаголы should, ought to: She said that he ought to quit smoking.
10. Must, если это совет, предположение или приказ: He guessed that they must be at home.
Временные формы могут не изменяться в случае:
1. Когда непосредственно указано время действия: They said that they began/had begun studying English in 2010.
2. Когда косвенно указано время действия: She said that she met/had met him when they were neighbours.
3. Когда излагающий согласен с мнением цитируемого: He said that India is a rich country.
(при несогласии: He said that India was a rich country).
При сдвиге временной формы глагола в в косвенной речи, по ситуации, изменяются обстоятельства места и времени, местоимения, а также, происходит отстранение от эмоций:
this – that, these – those, here – there, now - then (at that moment, at once, immediately), come – go, today – (on) that day, yesterday – the day before(earlier), tomorrow - (on) the next (following) day, last week – the week before, ago - before(earlier), next week – the next (following) week, now that – since, so – very, yes/no – answered in the positive/negative, he - that man, we - they.
Если из прямой речи лицо не известно, используется местоимение they, а в словах автора wanted to know, wondered:
He said: “Come here”. – He told them to come up to him.
He said: “Where are you going?” – He wanted to know/wondered where they were going.
Кроме слова said используются глаголы, выражающие характер прямой речи:
Для передачи общих вопросов используется if или whether.
Вопросительные предложения передаются с прямым порядком слов: He asked me if/whether they were at home.
В вопросительном предложении с глаголом-связкой порядок слов может быть обратным: He asked me what was the price.