VIDEU (spinning jenny
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
he Industrial Revolution began in England in the 18th century and soon
things much faster than before, when people worked by hand. In 1764, James
Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny' to twist thread for making cloth.
But the most important invention was James Watt's steam engine, which he
built during the 1760s. Engineers began using steam engines to power
machines in factories and built the first steamboats and trains. These all
needed coal to make steam, so the coal mining industry also grew quickly.
More and more factories and coalmines appeared, turning small towns into
big cities as people moved there to work. By 1850, half of the English
population lived in cities, in poor, overcrowded housing. Men, women and
even children worked in factories or mines. Working conditions were hard
and unhealthy, and wages were low. Conditions slowly improved.
however, and the things factories produced gave people a better standard of
living. One thing is certain though, the Industrial Revolution changed the
world forever.
steam engine
2
7.R2 Read the text again and mark the statements T (true) or F
(false). Correct the false statements.
1 England was the first country to become industrial.
2 James Hargreaves made the first spinning jenny.
3 The spinning jenny was the first real steam engine.
4 James Watt invented the steamboat.
5 Only men worked in factories.
6 Workers got good money for their work.
2. The mother told her son to go to his room and do his homework then.
3. The teacher asked Nina if she lived far from the school.
4. The little boy asked his parents what they had bought him for Christmas.
5. Helen said that she couldn't call me, because she’d lost my phone number.
6. Marina said that she had lost her ticket.
7. Ann told Harry not to take her ruler, but to use his oneWe.
8. He/they (etc.) suggested going to a movie.
9. Nick told us that he saw Jimmy at a party the week before.
10. The stewardess told the passengers to fasten the seat belts.
11. My friend asked me if I had finished reading his book.
12. Mother asked why I was looking pale and what the matter was.
13. My sister said to me that she had been looking for me everywhere.
14. David said that it was a bit cold that day and he was going to wear a pullover.
15. Mother told Alice not to interrupt the grown-ups.
16. The chairman suggested beginning the meeting.
17. The doctor told me to eat more fruit and vegetables.
18. I told him not to come before 6 o’clock.
Saransk is the capital city of the republic of Mordovia, Russia. Our city is located in the Volga basin at the confluence of the Saranka and Insar Rivers, about 630 kilometers east of Moscow. Saransk is very attractive city, with a lot of historical places and museums, especially tourists prefer visit Cathedral. It was built in honor of Fyodor Ushakov - holy, righteous warrior. Cathedral is pretty big and incredibly beautiful. Also it was built in Empire style. Although, tourists can visit Pugachev tent, which is a stone building. According to legend he read his appeal to the people from the porch of the tent. Not far from this place is located park named after Pushkin, where you can relax and enjoy the beautiful nature. In our city we have a lot of restaurants, such as Big Pig, Malina, Subway, where visiters can have a tasty meal. Ruzayevka is the closest city to Saransk, you can reach this city for about 40 minutes. This city is not only interesting because of architectural monuments, but also because of a special atmosphere of cozy provincial town of railwaymen. Saransk is very beautiful city, with a lot of facilities and historical atmosphere and culture, where you can learn something new and meet new people