Vaccines in the Past
Vaccines are medicines that teach a person's body how to stop a disease in the future. Smallpox is a disease that killed millions of people. the past, doctors in Asia and Africa put smallpox scabs up a healthy person's nose to give them a weak smallpox disease. This worked as a vaccine on some people, but it killed others! In 1796, a British doctor called Edward Jenner made smallpox vaccines from cowpox - a disease that cows had. His vaccine stopped thousands of people dying from smallpox.
Нужно поменять врем past simpl на Present simpl и наоборот , если past perfect на present perfect и наоборот
например:
"be careful," i told him. – i told him to be careful.
«будь осторожен», сказал я ему. – я сказал ему быть осторожнее.
"go away," he said. – he told me to go away.
«уходи», сказал он. – он велел мне уходить.
"call the first witness," said the judge. – the judge ordered them to call the first witness.
«позовите первого свидетеля», сказал судья. – судья сказал позвать первого свидетеля.
she told him, "please wait here till i return." – she requested him to wait there till she returned.
она сказала ему: «подожди, , здесь, пока я не вернусь». – она попросила его подождать здесь, пока она не вернется.
"stop smoking," the doctor said. – the doctor told me to stop smoking.
«перестаньте курить», сказал врач. – врач сказал мне перестать курить.
the stranger said to me, "please help me." – the stranger requested me to help him.
незнакомец сказал мен: «, мне». – незнакомец попросил меня ему.
the teacher said to the students, "work hard." – the teacher advised the students to work hard.
учитель сказал ученикам: «занимайтесь прилежно». – учитель посоветовал ученикам заниматься прилежно.
i said to the child, "do not look down into the well." – i warned the child not to look down into the well.
я сказал ребенку: «не заглядывай в колодец». – я ребенка не заглядывать в колодец.
the doctor said to the patient, "please come in." – the doctor allowed (= asked) the patient to come in.
врач сказал пациенту: «входите, ». – врач разрешил (= попросил) пациента войти.
Объяснение:
SCOTLAND
Although Scotland forms a part of the United Kingdom, it has a distinct character of its own. In area it is more than half as big as England. Its population is, however, only one-eighth as great — about 5 200 000.
Scotland is a land of romance and it has had a most eventful history. The Picts and Celts lived there before the coming of the Romans to Britain. Those Northern tribes worried the Romans so much that the Great Wall was built to protect the Roman camps in the Northern part of England.
It was in the 11th century that the Normans began to settle in Scotland. Almost all of Scotland's history is associated with and reflected in many castles and forts that are to be seen all over the country. They are very picturesque, having retained their medieval features: stern, proud, impressive, perched high on a rock or at a hillside. Mary, Queen of Scots, the beautiful Mary Stuart was married in one of them, her son James (who was to become James I of England) was born in another.
And now some words about the Highlands. For centuries the Highlands were a strange land, where the king's law common to all the rest of the country, wasn't even known, where C Long after the rest of Britain adopted modern ways they kept to the old life.
In 1603 King James VI of Scotland became King James I of England too, and from then onwards the countries were under the same monarch, though the Act of Union was not passed until 1707. This Act incorporated Scotland with England in the United Kingdom, but the Scots kept their own legal system, religion and administration, centred in Edinburgh.
Edinburgh – the capital of Scotland has always been admired as one of the most beautiful cities. Glasgow – its second city – always had a bad reputation. It was too often seen as a dirty, run-down urban area. But no longer. The buildings have been cleaned up, the streets are tidy and the people now take an obvious pride in their city. Glasgow was chosen to be the cultural capital of Europe 1890.
Not far from Glasgow there is one of the most famous of Scotland's many lakes (called «lochs»), Loch Lomond. Scottish numerous valleys are known as «glens». Scotland is a country with an intense and living national tradition of a kind only too rare in the modern world. It has its distinctive national dress, the kilt, worn only by men. It also has its own typical musical instruments (the pipes, sometimes called «the bagpipes»), its own national form of dancing, its own songs, language, traditions and education. Scotland has even its own national drink, a fact so widely known that one need only ask for «Scotch».
Notes
The Picts and Celts – пикты и кельты (племена)
tribe — племя
camp — лагерь
to pass the Act — принять Акт/Закон (в парламенте)
Тranslate using the text
1.полный событий 11.грязная, жалкая местность
2.доставлять неприятности 12.явная гордость
3.заселять 13.не далеко от
4.замок 14.многочисленные долины
5.живописный 15.сохранять
6.средневековые качества 16.располагались высоко
7.законы короля 17.иметь плохую репутацию
8.объединять 18.национальная одежда для мужчин
9.сохранить свою собственную религию 19.волынка
10.иметь плохую репутацию 20.широко известен
2. Comprehension Check. Complete the sentences.
1. Scotland forms...
2. The Northern tribes...
3. Mary Stuart...
4. The kilt...
3. Answer the questions.
1. What is the population of Scotland?
2. Why was the Great Wall built?
3. Why are there so many castles in the country?
4. What have you learnt about the Highlands?
5. When was the Act of Union passed?
6. What's the country's second city?
7. What do they call Scottish valleys and lakes?
8. Are national traditions still alive in Scotland?
4. Put down words, and translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Scotland has … history.
2.The Great Wall was built … in the Northern part of England.
3. Scotland's history is associated with … that are to be seen all over the country.
4. The Highlands were a strange land, where the king's law …
5. The Scots kept their… , centred in Edinburgh.
6. Glasgow was seen … area.
7.People now … in Glasgow.
8. The kilt is … , worn only by men.