mugenovak

22.03.2021 12:16 •  Английский язык

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I. Read the text / прочтите текст:

Parts of a building

Almost everyone has watched building of a house and followed its progress with interest.

First the excavation is dug for the basement, then the foundation walls bellow ground level are constructed; after this the framework is erected and clothed with various finishing materials and protected by several coats of paint.

The part upon which the stability of the structure depends is the framework. It is intended for safely carrying the loads imposed. The floors, walls, roof and other parts of the building must be carefully designed and proportioned.

The architect or designer must decide what the size of the walls, the floors, the beams, the girders and the parts which make up the framework must be, and how they must be placed and arranged. Sometimes it is done by the architect who draws the plans for the house, sometimes by a designer.

Here are the main parts of a building and their functions.

Foundations are to keep the walls and floors from contact with the soil, to guard them against the action of frost, to prevent them from sinking and settling which can cause cracks in walls and uneven floors.

Floors divide the building into stories. They may be either of timber or of a fire-resisting material.

Walls are built to enclose areas and carry the weight of floors and roofs. The walls may be solid or hollow. The materials used for the wall construction can be brick, stone, concrete and other natural and artificial materials.

Roofs cover the building and protect it from exposure to weather. They tie the walls and give the construction strength and firmness.

II. Choose the right variant / выберите правильный вариант (будьте внимательны, все предложения есть в тексте):

1. The part upon which the stability of the structure depends is the framework.

а) Частично стабильность сооружения зависит от каркаса.

б) Частично от стабильности сооружения зависит каркас.

в) Часть, от которой зависит стабильность сооружения, является каркас.

2. … what the size of the walls, the floors, the beams, the girders and the parts which make up the

framework must be …

а) … как стены, полы, балки, фермы и другие части должны составлять каркас…

б) … каким должен быть размер стен, полов, балок, ферм и других частей, которые

составляют каркас …

в) … что размер стен, полов, балок, ферм и других частей, которые составляют каркас,

должен быть …

3. The material used for the wall construction can be brick …

а) Материал, который использовался для строительства стены, был кирпич …

б) Материал, который используется для строительства стен, может быть кирпич …

в) Материал, который использовался при строительстве стен, был кирпич …

4. … which can cause cracks in walls …

а) … что могло вызывать трещины в стенах …

б) … что может причинить трещины в стенах …

в) … которые могут послужить причиной трещин в стенах …

III. Continue the sentence / продолжите предложения (по тексту):

1. The framework is intended for safely carrying …

a) the weight of the walls.

b) the weight of the floors and roofs.

c) the loads imposed.

2. Foundations guard the walls against the action of …

a) sun.

b) frost.

c) thunder.

3. Floors may be …

a) neither of timber nor of a fire-resisting material.

b) of a re-resisting material only.

c) either of timber or of a fire-resisting material.

4. The materials used for the wall construction can be …

a) natural only.

b) artificial only.

c) natural and artificial