Task 1. Reading Read the text and answer the questions below
Water is necessary for life. All organisms contain it, some drink it and some live in it. Plants and animals require water that is moderately pure, and they cannot survive, if water contains toxic chemicals or harmful microorganisms. Water pollution kills large quantity of fish, birds, and other animals, in some cases killing everything in an affected area.
Pollution makes streams, lakes, and coastal waters unpleasant to swim in or to have a rest. Fish and shellfish harvested from polluted waters may be unsafe to eat. People who polluted water can become ill, if they drink polluted water for a long time, it may develop cancer or hurt their future children.
The major water pollutants are chemical, biological, and physical materials that lessen the water quality. Pollutants can be separated into several different classes:
The first class is petroleum products: oil, fuel, lubrication, plastics. The petroleum products get into water by accidental spills from ships, tanker trucks and when there are leaks from underground storage tanks. Many petroleum products are poisonous for animals. Spilled oil damages the feathers of birds and the fur of animals, often it causes death.
The second class is pesticides and herbicides. There are chemicals used to kill harmful animals and plants. If they penetrate into streams, rivers, lakes, these chemicals can be very dangerous. The chemicals can remain dangerous for a long time. When an animal eats a plant that's been treated with it, the poisons are absorbed into the tissues and organs of the animals.
The third class are heavy metals, such as, mercury, selenium, uranium, radium, cesium, etc. They get into the water from industries, automobile exhausts, mines, and natural soil. Heavy metals also become more harmful as they follow the food chain. They accumulate in living being's cells and when they reach high levels of concentration in the organism, they can be extremely poisonous, or can result in long-term health problems. They can sometimes cause liver and kidney damage.
1Choose a suitable title for the text
A Water is necessary for life
B Types of water pollution
C Classes of pollutants
D (write your answer)
2What are the major water pollutants?
3Why can pesticides and herbicides be dangerous if they penetrate into streams, rivers and lakes?
4What do heavy metals result in
5How do petroleum products affect the animals?
1 When is Victoria station especially busy? -- Victoria station is especially busy at Christmas time 2 How many platforms does Victoria station consist of? – Victoria station consists of seventeen platforms. 3 Can the passengers have a snack at Victoria station before their train starts? – Yes, they can. There is a refreshment room. 4 Is it possible for the passengers to buy something to read on the journey? – Yes, there is a bookstall where they can buy a paper or magazine. 5 Do the passengers have to carry their luggage themselves? – No, they don’t. There are porters to carry their luggage 6 How do the porters usually carry the luggage? – The porters usually push the luggage on their trucks 7 Where do the passengers buy train tickets? – They buy tickets at the station 8 Is there anyone to check the tickets? – There is a ticket collector 9 Where does the ticket collector stand? -- The ticket collector stands at the end of the platform. 10 When does the train start? – The train starts when the signal goes down