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20.10.2021 16:38 •  Английский язык

Составьте восемь вопросов по тексту karl marx, a german economist and political scientist who lived from 1818 to 1883, looked at capitalism from a more pessimistic and revolutionary viewpoint. where adam smith saw harmony and growth, marx saw instability, struggle, and decline. marx believed that once the capitalist (the guy with the money and the organizational skills to build a factory) has set up the means of production, all value is created by the labor involved in production. in marx's view, presented in his 1867 tome das kapital (capital), a capitalist's profits come from exploiting labor—that is, from underpaying workers for the value that they are actually creating. for this reason, marx couldn't abide the notion of a profit-oriented organization. this situation of management exploiting labor is the main reason of the class struggle. marx saw the class struggle at the heart of capitalism, and he predicted that that struggle would ultimately destroy capitalism. to marx, class struggle intensifies over time. ultimately, in marx's view, society moves to a two-class system of a few wealthy capitalists and a mass of underpaid, underprivileged workers. marx predicted the fall of capitalism and movement of society toward com-munism, in which “the people” (that is, the workers) own the means of production and thus have no need to exploit labor for profit. clearly, marx's thinking had a tremendous impact on many societies, particularly on the ussr (union of soviet socialist republics) in the twentieth century. while marx's theories have been discredited, they are fascinating and worth knowing. they also say something about weaknesses in capitalism.