«Direct speech» или прямая речь — это слова какого-либо человека, передаваемые буквально так, как они и были произнесены. На письме прямая речь выделяется кавычками, а после слов, вводящих прямую речь, ставится запятая.
She says, "The lessons begin at 9 o’clock." – Она говорит: «Занятия начинаются в 9 часов».
«Indirect speech» («reported speech») или косвенная речь — это речь, передаваемая не слово в слово, а только по содержанию, в виде дополнительных придаточных предложений. При этом запятая, отделяющая слова говорящего от прямой речи, и кавычки, в которые взята прямая речь, опускаются.
Пример:
Peter and John were classmates. One day they were going from school together. John asked Peter how he was get along. Peter said that he was all right. He asked John what he thought about the last test in geometry. John said that he had found it rather difficult and added that he was not very good at solving problems. Peter wondered why John did not ask him to help him and added that he would do it. John thanked him and said that he would. Then he wanted to know if Peter had a lot of homework for the next day. Peter answered that he had. He remarked that John knew the timetable and that Friday was always a bad day. He reminded John that they had six lessons the next day and that all the subjects were difficult. He added that besides there would be questions from his little sister because she was not very good at sums. John agreed and said that he would come to Peter's place the next day in the evening, if Peter did not mind. Peter agreed and suggested making it the next day. He added that he would be waiting for John.
Answer the questions about London. (Ответь на вопросы о Лондоне).
1. When was London founded?
It was founded in AD 43.
2. What name did it have at first?
At first it had the name of Londinium.
3. Why did the town grow and develop into a city?
The town grew and developed into a city due to its convenient position in the mouth of the river Thames.
4. When did it become the capital of England?
In the 11th century London became the capital of England.
5. Prove that London enjoyed more independence than any other city of medieval England.
Being an important trade and political centre, the city enjoyed greater independence than the other cities of the medieval England and even had the right to elect the head of the city, Lord Mayor.
6. What happened to the city in 1666?
In 1666 the Great Fire of London destroyed the most part of the city.
7. Name the tree parts of London.
Historically and geographically London can be divided into three parts: the City, the West End and the East End.
8. What part of London is known as the financial centre of the whole country?
The City is the financial centre of the whole country.
9. Are there many attractions in the West End? What are they?
Yes, there are. The West End has always been considered a place where aristocrats lived. There is a great number of sights and attractions: the Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey, St Paul's Cathedral, the Nelson Column, to mention just a few of them. One may also go shopping in the West End — Piccadilly Street and Oxford Street both present a wide choice of expensive shops and boutiques.
10. Where are Hyde Park, St. James1 Park and Regent's Park situated?
They are situated in the West End.
11. What are the most famous places in London to do the shopping?
The most famous places in London to do the shopping are Piccadilly Street and Oxford Street.
12. How was the East End transformed recently?
The East End was previously considered the place where not well-to-do people lived. The identity of the East End as a place of deprivation and poverty persisted until well after the Second World War, becoming overlaid with certain gangster glamour in the 1960s. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, London east of the City is still seen as having a different character, claiming a certain independence of look from the rest of metropolis; but its cultural status has been transformed. Parts of the East End are believed to house the highest population of artists in Europe, and the East End is now considered a bohemian district. The ugly docks, which for years disguised the face of the East End, are now closed, and new hotels, stadiums and apartment houses are being built.
13. What is Greater London?
Now London extends much more than the City, the West End and the East End. Its suburbs grow rapidly. London and its suburbs are called Greater London.
14. Prove that London is a multinational city.
London is a multinational city because people from all over the world live there.
8. Think of the beginning of the sentences.
1. ... as a settlement and a fortress.
London, the capital of the UK, was founded in AD 43 by the Roman invaders as a settlement and a fortress.
2. ... the settlement developed into a city.
Due to its convenient position in the mouth of the river Thames the settlement developed into a city.
3. ... through which wealth came to the country.
For centuries London was a prominent port through which wealth came to the country.
4. ... enjoyed greater independence than the other cities of the medieval England.
Being an important trade and political centre, the city enjoyed greater independence than the other cities of the medieval England.
5. ... is still held every year.
The picturesque ceremony of the elections of Lord Mayor of London is still held every year.
6. ... the streets being narrow and dirty.
The city was built rather chaotically, the streets being narrow and dirty.
7. ... but the old planning remained untouched.
In 1666 the Great Fire of London destroyed the most part of the city, which was rebuilt, but the old planning remained untouched.
8. ... where offices and banks are situated.
The City is the financial centre of the country, where offices and banks are situated.
9. .-. where aristocrats lived.
The West End has always been considered a place where aristocrats lived.
10. ... to mention just a few of them.
There is a great number of sights and attractions in The West End: the Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey, St Paul's Cathedral, the Nelson Column, to mention just a few of them.
11. ... are favourite places for Londoners to visit and relax.
London's beautiful parks are also in The West End: Hyde Park, St. James' Park, Regent's Park are favourite places for Londoners to visit and relax.
12. ... present a wide choice of expensive shops.
Piccadilly Street and Oxford Street both present a wide choice of expensive shops.
13. ... are believed to house the largest population of artists in Europe.
Parts of the East End are believed to house the largest population of artists in Europe.
14. ... new hotels, stadiums and apartment houses are being built.
The ugly docks, which for years disguised the face of the East End, are now closed, and new hotels, stadiums and apartment houses are being built.
15. ... are called Greater London.
London and its suburbs are called Greater London.
16. ... being inhabited by people from all over the world.
London has become a multinational metropolis, being inhabited by people from all over the world.
9. Prove that: (используй информацию выше)
• London is an old city (ответ 1.)
• London has always been playing an important role in the life of the country; (ответ 5)
• London enjoyed greater independence than the other cities in England; (ответ 5)
• the planning of London is chaotic;( ответ 6 )
• there are a lot of tourist attractions in the West End; (ответ 9)
• the East End has always been different from the rest of metropolis;( The East End was previously considered the place where not well-to-do people lived. The identity of the East End as a place of deprivation and poverty persisted until well after the Second World War, becoming overlaid with certain gangster glamour in the 1960s. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, London east of the City is still seen as having a different character, claiming a certain independence of look from the rest of metropolis; but its cultural status has been transformed. Parts of the East End are believed to house the highest population of artists in Europe, and the East End is now considered a bohemian district.)
• London grows rapidly;( Now London extends much more than the City, the West End and the East End. Its suburbs grow rapidly. London and its suburbs are called Greater London.)
• London is a multinational metropolis;(ответ 14)
10. Make up the outline of the text. (составь план текста)
1. The foundation and developing of London.
2. The greater independence of London.
3. The structure of the city and the Great Fire of London.
4. Parts of London.
5. The West End.
6. The East End.
7. Greater London.
8. A multinational metropolis.
11. Retell the text using the outline. (перескажи текст)
12. Find additional information on the sights of London. Make up a report on one of the sights of London. (Найдите дополнительную информацию о достопримечательностях Лондона, напишите доклад о них).
Диалог в косвенной речи.
Объяснение:
Косвенная речь в английском языке
«Direct speech» или прямая речь — это слова какого-либо человека, передаваемые буквально так, как они и были произнесены. На письме прямая речь выделяется кавычками, а после слов, вводящих прямую речь, ставится запятая.
She says, "The lessons begin at 9 o’clock." – Она говорит: «Занятия начинаются в 9 часов».
«Indirect speech» («reported speech») или косвенная речь — это речь, передаваемая не слово в слово, а только по содержанию, в виде дополнительных придаточных предложений. При этом запятая, отделяющая слова говорящего от прямой речи, и кавычки, в которые взята прямая речь, опускаются.
Пример:
Peter and John were classmates. One day they were going from school together. John asked Peter how he was get along. Peter said that he was all right. He asked John what he thought about the last test in geometry. John said that he had found it rather difficult and added that he was not very good at solving problems. Peter wondered why John did not ask him to help him and added that he would do it. John thanked him and said that he would. Then he wanted to know if Peter had a lot of homework for the next day. Peter answered that he had. He remarked that John knew the timetable and that Friday was always a bad day. He reminded John that they had six lessons the next day and that all the subjects were difficult. He added that besides there would be questions from his little sister because she was not very good at sums. John agreed and said that he would come to Peter's place the next day in the evening, if Peter did not mind. Peter agreed and suggested making it the next day. He added that he would be waiting for John.
1. When was London founded?
It was founded in AD 43.
2. What name did it have at first?
At first it had the name of Londinium.
3. Why did the town grow and develop into a city?
The town grew and developed into a city due to its convenient position in the mouth of the river Thames.
4. When did it become the capital of England?
In the 11th century London became the capital of England.
5. Prove that London enjoyed more independence than any other city of medieval England.
Being an important trade and political centre, the city enjoyed greater independence than the other cities of the medieval England and even had the right to elect the head of the city, Lord Mayor.
6. What happened to the city in 1666?
In 1666 the Great Fire of London destroyed the most part of the city.
7. Name the tree parts of London.
Historically and geographically London can be divided into three parts: the City, the West End and the East End.
8. What part of London is known as the financial centre of the whole country?
The City is the financial centre of the whole country.
9. Are there many attractions in the West End? What are they?
Yes, there are. The West End has always been considered a place where aristocrats lived. There is a great number of sights and attractions: the Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey, St Paul's Cathedral, the Nelson Column, to mention just a few of them. One may also go shopping in the West End — Piccadilly Street and Oxford Street both present a wide choice of expensive shops and boutiques.
10. Where are Hyde Park, St. James1 Park and Regent's Park situated?
They are situated in the West End.
11. What are the most famous places in London to do the shopping?
The most famous places in London to do the shopping are Piccadilly Street and Oxford Street.
12. How was the East End transformed recently?
The East End was previously considered the place where not well-to-do people lived. The identity of the East End as a place of deprivation and poverty persisted until well after the Second World War, becoming overlaid with certain gangster glamour in the 1960s. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, London east of the City is still seen as having a different character, claiming a certain independence of look from the rest of metropolis; but its cultural status has been transformed. Parts of the East End are believed to house the highest population of artists in Europe, and the East End is now considered a bohemian district. The ugly docks, which for years disguised the face of the East End, are now closed, and new hotels, stadiums and apartment houses are being built.
13. What is Greater London?
Now London extends much more than the City, the West End and the East End. Its suburbs grow rapidly. London and its suburbs are called Greater London.
14. Prove that London is a multinational city.
London is a multinational city because people from all over the world live there.
8. Think of the beginning of the sentences.
1. ... as a settlement and a fortress.
London, the capital of the UK, was founded in AD 43 by the Roman invaders as a settlement and a fortress.
2. ... the settlement developed into a city.
Due to its convenient position in the mouth of the river Thames the settlement developed into a city.
3. ... through which wealth came to the country.
For centuries London was a prominent port through which wealth came to the country.
4. ... enjoyed greater independence than the other cities of the medieval England.
Being an important trade and political centre, the city enjoyed greater independence than the other cities of the medieval England.
5. ... is still held every year.
The picturesque ceremony of the elections of Lord Mayor of London is still held every year.
6. ... the streets being narrow and dirty.
The city was built rather chaotically, the streets being narrow and dirty.
7. ... but the old planning remained untouched.
In 1666 the Great Fire of London destroyed the most part of the city, which was rebuilt, but the old planning remained untouched.
8. ... where offices and banks are situated.
The City is the financial centre of the country, where offices and banks are situated.
9. .-. where aristocrats lived.
The West End has always been considered a place where aristocrats lived.
10. ... to mention just a few of them.
There is a great number of sights and attractions in The West End: the Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey, St Paul's Cathedral, the Nelson Column, to mention just a few of them.
11. ... are favourite places for Londoners to visit and relax.
London's beautiful parks are also in The West End: Hyde Park, St. James' Park, Regent's Park are favourite places for Londoners to visit and relax.
12. ... present a wide choice of expensive shops.
Piccadilly Street and Oxford Street both present a wide choice of expensive shops.
13. ... are believed to house the largest population of artists in Europe.
Parts of the East End are believed to house the largest population of artists in Europe.
14. ... new hotels, stadiums and apartment houses are being built.
The ugly docks, which for years disguised the face of the East End, are now closed, and new hotels, stadiums and apartment houses are being built.
15. ... are called Greater London.
London and its suburbs are called Greater London.
16. ... being inhabited by people from all over the world.
London has become a multinational metropolis, being inhabited by people from all over the world.
9. Prove that: (используй информацию выше)
• London is an old city (ответ 1.)
• London has always been playing an important role in the life of the country; (ответ 5)
• London enjoyed greater independence than the other cities in England; (ответ 5)
• the planning of London is chaotic;( ответ 6 )
• there are a lot of tourist attractions in the West End; (ответ 9)
• the East End has always been different from the rest of metropolis;( The East End was previously considered the place where not well-to-do people lived. The identity of the East End as a place of deprivation and poverty persisted until well after the Second World War, becoming overlaid with certain gangster glamour in the 1960s. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, London east of the City is still seen as having a different character, claiming a certain independence of look from the rest of metropolis; but its cultural status has been transformed. Parts of the East End are believed to house the highest population of artists in Europe, and the East End is now considered a bohemian district.)
• London grows rapidly;( Now London extends much more than the City, the West End and the East End. Its suburbs grow rapidly. London and its suburbs are called Greater London.)
• London is a multinational metropolis;(ответ 14)
10. Make up the outline of the text. (составь план текста)
1. The foundation and developing of London.
2. The greater independence of London.
3. The structure of the city and the Great Fire of London.
4. Parts of London.
5. The West End.
6. The East End.
7. Greater London.
8. A multinational metropolis.
11. Retell the text using the outline. (перескажи текст)
12. Find additional information on the sights of London. Make up a report on one of the sights of London. (Найдите дополнительную информацию о достопримечательностях Лондона, напишите доклад о них).