Алияолиилл

13.08.2022 19:25 •  Английский язык

Сопоставить заголовки с текстомзаголовки: laying the foundations; an inflexible approach; controversial decisions; a man before his time; a great incentive to achieve; evidence of a more liberal attitude; moving with the times.текст: 1.in the latter years of the 19th century, joseph pulitzer stood out as the very embodiment of american journalism. hungarian-born, an intense indomitable figure, pulitzer was the most skillful of newspaper publishers, and a visionary who richly endowed his profession. his innovative new york world and st. louis post-dispatch reshaped newspaper journalism. having himself struggled as a young reporter, pulitzer was the first to call for the training of journalists at university level.2.in writing his 1904 will, pulitzer left $2 million to columbia university for the establishment of a school of journalism. he also made provision for the establishment of the pulitzer prizes, specifying the number and types of awards, but giving the body which awarded the prizes, later renamed the pulitzer prize board, the power to increase the number of prizes and also to withhold any award where entries fell below its standards of excellence. and indeed, over the years, the board has increased the number of awards to 21, introducing prizes for poetry, music, and photography.3.in 1997 two fundamental adjustments were introduced. in recognition of the growingimportance of online journalism, the submission by newspapers of online presentations was allowed. the other major change was in music, a category added in 1943. until then, the prize had always gone to composers of classical music. the board decided to broaden the definition and entry requirements to bring mainstream music into the process. thus, in 1997 the prize went to wynton marsalis's blood on the fields, which has strong jazz elements. the board also acknowledged previously overlooked george gershwin and duke ellington.4.over the years the pulitzer board has at times been targeted by critics as the prize was hardly ever in tune with popular inclinations. many, if not most, of the honored books have not been on bestseller lists, and many of the winning plays have been staged off-broadway or in regional theaters. in journalism, the major newspapers such as the new york times, the wall street journal, and the washington post, have harvested many awards, but small, little-known papers have also been recognized for exposing corruption.5.announced each april by the president of columbia university, which pulitzer established as the seat of administration for board, the prizes are regarded as the highest national honor that can be bestowed in newspaper journalism, literary achievement and musical composition. as such they are perceived as a major encouragement for high-quality journalism and art, focusing worldwide attention on american achievements in letters and music.