с заданием
The Discovery of America
In the 15th century people knew only three continents: Europe, Asia and Africa. They knew nothing about such a big continent as America. Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492.
He was the man who was thought to be the discoverer of America. He was born in 1451 in Italy. His father and both grandfathers were cloth makers. Columbus was a seaman and made many sea voyages.
Most people in Columbus's days thought that the earth was flat and they did not believe that beyond the Atlantic Ocean lay India. In 1492 the King and the Queen of Spain gave him money to go to India. He decided to sail west as he was sure that our planet was round. There were 3 caravels: the Santa Maria, the Nina and the Pinta. After sailing 4000 miles (they were sailing for more than two months) he reached some land.
The crew saw something like a white cliff and cried out: "Tierra! Tierra!". Columbus thought 'that it must be India but it was not. It was a new land — a new continent. It was America. Columbus was certain that the lands he discovered were part of India, and he called these islands the West Indies. The people living there have been called Indians since then, though they have nothing in common with the real Indians – inhabitants of India. People began to speak about the land as "The new World".
European people came to the New World for many reasons. Some hoped to find gold and silver. Priests and missionaries came to bring the Christian religion to the Indians. Among those who came for freedom was a small group of English people called Pilgrims. They wanted to start a new life and to have no religious problems they had in England.
In 1620 on the ship "Mayflower" they landed in the north-east of America. They set up a colony and called that part of the country "New England".
Answer the questions:
1. Who discovered America?
2. King and Queen of what country gave Columbus money for voyage?
3. How many caravelas were there?
4. How did Columbus name the land he had reached?
5. What reasons did European come to New Land for?
6. What do you know about Pilgrims?
Настоящее совершенное время употребляется для выражения действия, которое было совершено в но его результаты проявляются в настоящем времени:
•A: 'Are you going to the film tonight?' B: 'No. I've already seen it.'
•A: 'Why isn't John at work?' (present) B: 'Don't you know? He's had a bad accident.'
Часто оно соотносится с очень недавним
•Karen has just passed her exams. I've just seen your mother at the shops.
Мы употребляем Настоящее совершенное время для обозначения действия, которое началось в и все еще продолжается:
•I know London very well, I've lived there for five years.
•He's her closest friend. He has known her since they were children.
или для того, чтобы задать вопросы, относящиеся к но связанные с настоящим временем:
•A: Have you heard of Boris Becker?
B: Yes. He. plays tennis.
•A: Have you been to America?
B: No. But I've been to Canada.
•A: How many times has she been to England?
B: I think she's only been once.
или для обозначения действия, которое еще не произошло, но ожидается:
•A: May I borrow your book?
B: I'm sorry. I haven't finished it yet.
•A: Do you know Henry?
B: No. We haven't met yet.
Утвердительная форма совершенного продолженного времени образуется при вс глагола to be в совершенном времени (had been) и причастия настоящего времени (Participle I) смыслового глагола:
I had been working till late in the evening yesterday.
Вчера я работал до позднего вечера.
2. Для образования вопросительной формы вс глагол to have ставится перед подлежащим, а остальная часть временной формы - после подлежащего:
Had you been working till late in the evening yesterday?
Вы работали вчера до позднего вечера?
3. Для образования отрицательной формы после вс глагола to have ставится отрицательная частица not:
I had not been working till late in the evening yesterday.
Я не работал вчера до позднего вечера.
In our city of Taraz a lot of interesting places. This large industrial enterprises, such as the Taraz metallurgical plant, Taraz metal plant, factory posh, cocomment, power plant (TPP)... Also the Park of the First President, who, especially during the holidays, is especially beautiful;at this time, significantly increasing the number of visitors above the Park. And how many in our Taraz other great places! It also stores, for reasonable prices, you can buy, for example, books, food products, building materials and much more! From one end of town to another without a break buses and get off at a particular point does not make any problems. In addition to buses, you can use for the same purpose are also taxis, or vans. However, it will be more expensive, but at the same time, most often, you will be able to get to the destination. It's not all there is to tell about NASM wonderful city-one of the oldest cities of Kazakhstan and CIS countries.
В нашем городе Таразе много интересных мест. Это и крупные промышленные предприятия, такие, как Таразский металлургический завод, Таразский завод металлоконструкций, фабрика ПОШ, кожкомбинат, электростанция (ГРЭС)... Также это Парк Первого Президента, который, особенно в дни праздников, становится особенно красивым;в это время значительно увеличивается количество посетителей вышеназванного парка. А сколько в нашем Таразе других великолепных мест! Это и магазины, в которых за приемлемые цены можно купить, например, книги, продовольственные товары, строительные материалы и многое-многое другое! Из одного конца города в другой без перерыва ходят автобусы, и доехать в ту или иную точку не составляет особых проблем. Кроме автобусов, вы можете использовать для тех же целей также маршрутные такси, или микроавтобусы. Правда, это будет несколько дороже, но в то же время, чаще всего, вы быстрее сможете добраться в пункт назначения. Это далеко не всё, что можно рассказать о нашм замечательном городе-одном из древнейших городов Казахстана и СНГ.