с английским Прочтите текст и объясните, как вы понимаете термин
«компьютерное программирование».
Text 1. COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
Programming is the process of preparing a set of coded instructions which enables the computer to solve specific problems or to perform specific functions. Theiessence of computer
programmingjis the encoding of the program for the computer
by means of algorythms. The thing is that any problem is expressed in mathematical terms, it contains formulae, equations
and calculations^ But the computer cannot manipulate formulae, equations and calculations. Any problem must be specially
processed for the computer to understand it, that is — coded or
programmed.
The phase in which the system's computer programs are
written is called the development phase. The programs are lists
of instructions that will be followed by the control unit of the
central processing unit (CPU). The instructions of the program
must be complete and in the appropriate sequence, or else the
wrong answers will result. To guard against these errors in logic
and to document the program's logical approach, logic plans
should be developed.
There are two common techniques for planning the logic of
a program. The first technique is flowcharting. A flowchart is a
plan in the form of a graphic or pictorial representation that uses
predefined symbols to illustrate the program logic. It is, therefore, a "picture" of the logical steps to be performed by the
computer. Each of the predefined symbol shapes stands for a
general operation. The symbol shape communicates the nature
of the general operation, and the specifics are written within the
symbol. A plastic or metal guide called a template is used to
make drawing the symbols easier.
The second technique for planning program logic is called
pseudocode. Pseudocode is an imitation of actual program instructions. It allows a program-like structure without the burden of programming rules to follow. Pseudocode is less timeconsuming for the professional programmer than is flowcharting.
It also emphasizes a top-down approach to program structure.
Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности текст еще раз и ответьте на во ис
пользуя информацию текста.
1. What is programming? 2. What is the essence of programming? 3. What should be done with the problem before processing by the computer? 4. What is a program? 5. What are instructions? 6. What are the main techniques for planning the program
logic? 7. What is a flowchart? 8. What is a template and what is it
used for? 9. What do you understand by "pseudocode"? 10. What
are the basic structures of pseudocode?
2. People don't say "Thank you” at the end of the meal as in most European countries, they usually say this when they are leaving to go home, thanking friends for their invitation.
3. Most of rich people don't have servants because it’s very difficult to find a good servant. Servants also want a big salary.
4. Usually wives don't do most of housework, they share it with their husbands, who work as much as wives.
5. People do most of their housework on Saturdays, when they don't work.
Есть 2 варианта употребления этих самых предлогов:по месту (prepositions of place)по времени (prepositions of time)И сначала мы разберем первую группу предлогов.AT, ON, IN КАК ПРЕДЛОГИ ПО МЕСТУ:ПРЕДЛОГ «AT» УПОТРЕБЛЯЕТСЯ ДЛЯ ОБОЗНАЧЕНИЯ МЕСТА:I saw her at the bus stop – Я видел ее на автобусной остановке;Can I meet you at the cinema? – Могу я встретится с тобой в кино?He met my girlfriend at the party – Он познакомился с моей девушкой на той самой вечеринке;She’s at work at the moment – Она на работе в данный момент;Is your daughter happy at new school? – Твоя дочь счастлива в новой школе?ПРЕДЛОГ «ON» УПОТРЕБЛЯЕТСЯ ДЛЯ ОБОЗНАЧЕНИЯ ПРЕДМЕТОВ НА КАКОЙ-НИБУДЬ ЛИНИИ ЛИБО ПОВЕРХНОСТИ:Your books are on the table – Твои книги находятся на столе;The painting looks nice on this wall – Картина выглядит прекрасно на этой стене;Look at the example on the board – Смотрите пример на доске;Are my keys on that shelf? – Мои ключи на той полке?She usually sits on the floor – Она обычно сидит на полу;There are too many cars on the road – На дороге слишком много машин;ПРЕДЛОГ «IN» УПОТРЕБЛЯЕТСЯ ДЛЯ ОБОЗНАЧЕНИЯ ПРЕДМЕТОВ ВНУТРИ ПРОСТРАНСТВА, КОТОРОЕ ИМЕЕТ СТЕНЫ ИЛИ СТОРОНЫ:Philip is in the kitchen – Филипп на кухне;Your bag’s in the car – Твоя в машине;Are the plates in the cupboard? – Тарелки в шкафу?My toothbrush isn’t in the bathroom – Моей зубной щетки нету в ванной;We had breakfast in the garden – Мы завтракали в саду;Мы также используем предлог «in» с именами городов и стран: in Russia, in Moscow.Мы говорим «in a car» и это грамматически правильно, но есть 2 исключения: on a bus, on a train.Теперь перейдем ко второй группе предлогов.AT, ON, IN КАК ПРЕДЛОГИ ВРЕМЕНИ:ПРЕДЛОГ «AT» ОБОЗНАЧАЕТ ТОЧКУ ВО ВРЕМЕНИ:They finish school at 4 o’clock – Они заканчивают школу в 4 часа;The children usually have a fairy tale at bed time – Детям обычно рассказывают сказку в ночное время;I got up at 7 o’clock this morning – я поднялся в 7 часов этим утром;She phoned up at the beginning of the match on TV- Она позвонили в начале матча на ТВ;I was very tired at the end of the lesson – Я был очень уставший к концу урока;ПРЕДЛОГ «ON» ОБОЗНАЧАЕТ ДЕНЬ ЛИБО ДАТУ:I saw her on Monday – Я видел ее в понедельник;My birthdays is on 4th September – Мой день рождения 4 сентября;We moved here on 20th October – Мы ходили сюда 20 октября;Our holidays will start on the first day of summer – Наши каникулы начнутся с первым днем лета;ПРЕДЛОГ «IN» ОБОЗНАЧАЕТ ПЕРИОД ВО ВРЕМЕНИ:I usually work in the mornings – Я обычно работаю утром;The weather is very nice here in the autumn – Здесь, осенью, погода очень хорошая;They don’t go out very often in the evenings – Они не очень часто выходят вечерами;They always come and stay with us in the summer holidays – Они всегда приезжают и останавливаются у нас в летние праздники.She was born in Australia in 1952 – Она родилась в Австралии в 1952 году.Есть некоторые нюансы, которые стоит помнить:on Wednesday, in the afternoon, а если вместе то, on Wednesday afternoonin the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, но at nighton Independence Day, on Mother’s Day, on Easter Sunday, но at Christmas, at New Year