Reading. Task 1. A caffeine-fuelled world Over the centuries, people have created many rituals to accompany the consumption of their favourite drinks, tea and coffee. Just think of the Japanese tea ceremony, British afternoon tea or the morning coffee ritual in countless societies. Why are these drinks so popular? The answer is their secret ingredient – caffeine. The new caffeine ‘delivery systems’ are canned ‘energy’ drinks. People have known for many years that caffeinated (0) drinks make you less tired and more (1) alert. It is the only habit-forming psychoactive drug we routinely serve to our children.
Most people don’t think twice about their caffeine (2) intake. However, it raises blood pressure and thus increases the risk of heart disease. So the widespread use of caffeine is now a cause for (3) concern among scientists and public health authorities. One result of this concern is that people are not allowed to sell energy drinks in France or Denmark. And in other European countries, manufacturers have to label cans with warnings. The United States has no such rule, but many canned energy drinks sold in the USA carry warnings anyway. On the other hand, much of the research suggests that caffeine may have benefits for human health. Studies have shown it helps to relieve pain, reduces asthma symptoms and increases reaction speed. Despite this, a (4) study in Ireland recommended that children and pregnant women, among other groups, shouldn’t drink energy drinks.
‘Caffeine helps people try to override the human rhythm that is in all of us,’ says doctor Czeisler. ‘Nevertheless,’ he says solemnly, ‘there is a heavy, (5) heavy price to pay for all this extra wakefulness.
‘The main reason that people want caffeine is to stay awake,’ Czeisler says. ‘But the main reason that people can’t stay awake is they don’t get enough regular sleep – because they use caffeine.’
Task A Circle the word that can replace the underlined word without changing the meaning.
Example: (0) water beverage alcohol cocktail
1. bright sharp cheerful lively
2. use food time consumption meal
3. interest trouble fear matter
4. analysis practice lesson research
5. expensive hard difficult weighty
Летние языковые школы английского языка в США, языковые лагеря в СШАШколы английского языка в США
Языковые школы и курсы в Соединенных штатах Америки – это отличная возможность за короткие сроки обучиться английскому, попутешествовать по другой стране, обзавестись множеством знакомств и просто незабываемо провести время. Не зависимо от того, нужен вам английский язык для свободного общения, для подготовки к сдаче экзаменов на получение международных сертификатов, для поступления в ВУЗ или просто для того, чтобы весело и с пользой провести летние каникулы, очень важно подойти к выбору языкового центра со всей долей ответственности. Благо, выбор действительно радует.
Формат обучения можно выбрать тот, который вам наиболее приемлем. Это может быть летний языковой лагерь в США, в котором вам предложат более обширную программу (проживание в лагере, организация досуга и т.п.), кратко долго или интенсивные языковые школы на базе университетов или частные языковые курсы.
Что касается длительности, то в зависимости от желаемого уровня знаний и возможности пребывания на территории Соединенных Штатах, вы можете посещать школы английского языка в США в течении одного, двух или более семестров.
В таких международных языковых центрах можно за короткий срок овладеть языком, а все благодаря тому, что создается идеальная обстановка для обучения. Ведь прожить в стране, где говорят на английском – это лучший вариант для изучения языка. Причем овладеть им можно всесторонне, а не останавливаясь на определенной тематике.
География подобных учреждений достаточно обширная: языковой лагерь в США или курсы можно найти как в небольших, так и в крупных городах: Нью-Йорк, Сан-Франциско, Бостон или Чикаго. А летние языковые школы в США, которые расположены в прибрежных районах, позволят совместить незабываемый отдых и обучение.
Almaty - Kazakhstan's southern capital, a city of a half million inhabitants, the administrative, economic and cultural center of the country. Surrounded by snow-capped mountains semicircle Trans-Ili Alatau, it captivates with its originality. Alpine meadows, Tien-Shan spruce, gardens serve it as a kind of frame. On a high hill Koktyube is surveyed the entire city - panorama strictly lined with dressed in green neighborhoods, shot up into the bright blue sky beautiful tall buildings. Successfully entered in a mountain landscape, subordinate unified original decision, they make a beautiful city's skyline, which are widely used elements of national culture and achievements of modern construction equipment.
Almaty - a garden city. Half of its area is occupied by green spaces - pyramidal and silver poplar, elm, oak, birch, linden, black locust, pine and spruce. In the spring, when everything blooms, Almaty is particularly good. White foam gardens cover the surrounding mountains and down in the midst of urban neighborhoods, spread out a red carpet of tulips. Summer evening cool breeze from the mountains, and called for a walk along the boulevards and avenues, in an area with colorful flower beds, where bizarre spray jets scattered numerous fountains. Autumn foliage of gold charms, penetrated by the sun, the scent of the famous Almaty apples - aport. And how beautiful the city winter, short but frosty and snowy. On skis and skates stand then all citizens.
At all times of the year attracts mountain skating rink "Medeo". The famous ice ice world records, sparkles under the bright mountain sun. Because of its exceptional natural and unique data engineering and architectural design, the sports complex has received worldwide fame, became the pride of Almaty.
South capital of Kazakhstan is generous and hospitable. Heat and sun greets the guests and she prettier every year.
For information: Almaty, Kazakh language is translated as "Apple", while the Alma-Ata - is a collection of Kazakh words "Apple-grandfather." There is a good article about the names of the city, read вроде так