кубанычбековабермет

27.05.2023 08:59 •  Английский язык

R U S S I A N R A I L W A Y S Russian Railways Joint-Stock Company (JSC) was founded in September 2003. It operates one of the largest transport systems in the world. The total length of railway track exceeds 85,500 km. 40% of railways are double-track and multi-track lines and about 50% are electrified. The railway network extends over 9 time zones. It links 85 of the 89 Russian regions and almost all the major cities. The Company provides passenger and freight transportation to 17 European and Asian countries. The rolling stock includes more than 19,000 locomotives and approximately 670,000 freight and passenger cars. JSC Russian Railways ranks fourth in the list of the "400 Largest Companies in Russia". It employs over 1.2 million people, or 2% of Russia's working population. In 2009, the Company's revenue amounted to about 655 billion rubles. JSC Russian Railways is divided into various branches:
– 17 territorial railway companies;
– plants for the repair of passenger/freight cars and the manufacture of spare parts for rolling stock;
– scientific research institutes;
– construction entities.
The Company plays an important part in the Russian economy. Railways handle a high proportion of passenger traffic in Russia. Whereas rail transport carries only 6% of passengers in Western Europe and about 1% in the U.S., in Russia the figure rises to 41%. Although people prefer using automobiles in this country, the railways dominate on medium- and long-distance journeys. JSC Russian Railways is the largest carrier of all types of freight, excluding oil and gas transported by pipelines. The Company's share of the Russian transport market totals 88% (for comparison, 8% of freight is carried by rail in Europe and only 4% in the U.S). In terms of freight traffic intensity, Russia ranks second in the world, exceeded only by China.

Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих фраз.

1. акционерная компания Российские Железные Дороги
2. общая протяжённость железнодорожных путей
3. двухпутные и многопутные линии
4. подвижной состав
5. занимает 4 место в списке
6. предприятия по ремонту пассажирских и грузовых вагонов
7. производство запасных частей
8. строительные организации
9. поездки на средние и дальние расстояния
10. по интенсивности грузоперевозок

ответьте кратко на общие вопросы к тексту.

1. Was Russian Railways JSC founded in September 2003?
2. Does the total length of railway track exceed 85,500 miles?
3. Are all the railways electrified in Russia?
4. Did the Company's revenue amount to about 655 billion rubles in 2009?