DiGribosha

23.12.2021 17:02 •  Английский язык

Прочитать текст и ответить на вопросы BELLFOUNDING
The art of making bells is called bell founding. Originally, the word founding meant the making by melting", and in Europe during the Middle Ages, bell founders travelled from place to place, setting up temporary foundries and casting bells for the neighboring towns. In ancient times, small bells were made of many different metals - gold, silver, iron, steel, zinc, and lead- but later experiments showed that the best metal for large bells was bronze, which is a mixture of copper and tin. To cast a bell of any size, a clay mold is made with an inside part called the core and an outside part called the cope. Then the core and the cope are securely clamped together, leading a large hollow space between them. The metal for the bell is heated in a furnace and poured into the hollow space. Originally bells were founded with great ceremony and prayers were said while the metal was poured into the mold. The bell was blessed by a church official, and there was thanksgiving and great rejoicing. After the metal has cooled, the mold is unclamped and taken off, and the bell is cleaned from all the clay that is sticking to its surface, It is then ready for testing and tuning Tuning a bell is a very complex process, because a bell cannot always be cast to ring at a certain pitch; it must be tuned after it is made. The foundry can cut metal off, but cannot add more once the bell i
Вопросы:
1. What did the word 'founding mean?
2. Who were bell founders?
3. What were bells made of?
4. What is the structure of a clay mold?
5. What has to be done after the bell has been founded?
6. Why is tuning said to be a very complex process?
7. Was bell founding an honourable occupation in the Middle Ages? Give your reasoning.