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Example: I use mobile apps to get directions
• get direction
• upload pictures
• chat online
• browse maps
• monitor the weather
• play games
• get breaking news
• study for exams
b) What kind of apps do you know? How useful are they? Write about it (10 score)
2. Read the title and the first paragraph of the article. What do you expect the text to be about? (15 score)
3. Read the text again and, for questions 1-5, choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D) (if all answers are correct 15 score)
1. In the first paragraph, the writer says that
A) the number of apps available is increasing
B) only young people play games on their phones
C) you can only download apps made in your country
D) it is difficult to do everyday tasks without an app
2. The writer thinks that educational apps
A) can replace schools and universities
B) help students to learn on their own
C) are only useful for university students
D) can take the place of school teachers.
3. The writer suggests people often identify living things by
A) asking an expert
B) taking photos
C) checking reference books
D) using Internet search engines
4. The writer says that NASA
A) is tracking people using apps.
B) allows you to follow a space station.
C) has apps that send you photographs.
D) lets you chat with its astronauts.
5. What is the writer’s opinion of apps?
A) We need to be careful when we use them.
B) They are best used for entertainment.
C) We should try not to use them too much.
D) They can help in many aspects of our lives.
4. Give translations (10 score)
Developer, monitor, keep sb’s updated, breaking news, basic skills, grab sb’s attention, independent, perform, revise, algebra, tap, touchscreen, interactive, on the go, guide, the living world, flora and fauna, universe, browse, track, stream, live feed, mount
5. Read the text and write about your point of view on this theme (17 score)
We’ve all heard someone say, “there’s an app for that”, and with millions of apps from, it seems they’re right. Every day even more apps are being added to stores by developers everywhere. A lot of us enjoy using apps for entertainment such as playing games, watching videos or catching up with our friends on social media. However, there are plenty more things that an app can do. From monitoring the weather and keeping us updated with breaking news to helping us learn a new language or explore the galaxy, there’s an app for almost everything!
Apps that make learning fun
Starting from skills like learning the alphabet, and going right up to university physics, there are apps for all subjects and levels. Apps grab students’ attention and help them become independent learners who perform even better in exams. Revising algebra, practicing a language or simulating dangerous chemistry experiments can all be done just by tapping the touchscreen. Educational apps come in so many forms with apps offering 3D models of the human body, interactive textbooks or educational games and quizzes. Studying for exams has never been so much fun can be done at home, on the go or even in the school break.
A guided tour through the living world
With over 8 million species of animals and around 300,000 species of plants on the planet, apps that can guide you through the living world are extremely useful. No longer do we have to search online to find what insect we saw in the garden or what plant is growing in the park. Just use your smartphone to take a photograph an within moments an app can tell you all you need to know about the flora and fauna without speaking to a biologist. It’s almost like spending a day at the library.
Apps that are out of this world
Why stop at exploring the world around you? There’s a whole universe out there. Now, you can explore space and browse maps of the night sky. Space map apps allow you to track the movements in the night sky in real time by simply holding your phone up in the air and tapping the screen. NASA (the National Aeronautics and Space Administration) has its own app that lets you track the International Space Station. You can even stream a high-definition live feed of the space station’s view of Earth from cameras mounted on the outside.
Tropical Rain Forests – Physical Factors, Politics Essay, Research Paper
Tropical Rain Forests: Physical Factors, Politics and Possible SoltutionsEvery year 11 million hectares of tropical rain forest are lost through commercial and subsidence pressures (Winterbottom and Hazelwood, 1987). The pressures that cause forest clearance varies geographically. In Amazonia the primary force is to clear cut the forest for agriculture (Goodland, 1982). The most common usage of this cleared land is for the production of coffee, cocoa, rice and for cattle ranching (Goodland, 1982). However after approximately three years, almost all the planted crops will fail (Goodland, 1982). The root systems of trees in the tropical rain forest are shallow, this indicates that the nutrients are never temporarily retained or stored in dead organic matter. Instead they are rapidly reabsorbed by forest litter (Ho, 1982). Forest clearance will interrupt the closed nutrient cycle (Hemming, 1982). Deforestation will have a drastic effect on the hydrologic cycle which is illustrated in Figure 1. It will lead to a decrease in precipitation and cause the rains to become more seasonable (Hemming, 1982). Other effects of clearance include the leaching of cations, the fixation of phosphorous and soil compaction (Fearnside, 1982). The agriculture practices of the indigenous people has been unsustainable at very low population densities. If sufficient fallow time is left between agricultural activity, usually between 10 to 15 years, then the land will return to it’s natural state. However population densities have increased to above the sustainable threshold in Amazonia and crop yields will decrease with each successive year that agriculture occurs. This is depicted in Figure 2 and it clearly shows that agriculture at present is unsustainable. What are the forces that lead to this destruction? The poor people burn down the forest for agriculture out of a necessity to grow food and to raise money (Goodland, 1982). However Brazil’s land ownership laws promote the burning of these forests (Goodland, 1982). Regionally, local governments have encourage land clearance for cattle ranching (Coockburn and Hecht, 1989). On a larger scale migration is a major factor which can be associated with the building of roads (Fearnside, 1982). Access to roads increase migration to these areas and leads to an increase in deforestation by these new settlers. Since the population has increased, new roads are needed: thus there exists a positive feedback between roads and deforestation (Fearnside, 1982). A good example of this is Ouro Preto in Rondonia (Fearnside, 1982). On a global scale migration is caused by the displacement of people due to forestry and large aid projects. The Tucuri hydro project resulted in the resettlement of 20 000 to 30 000 people (Fearnside, 1982). Amazonia has fallen victim to ‘inappropriate technology’ which is clearly the fault of the developed world. First world firms of mining and timber consortia extract resources, make a profit and then leave behind ruins (Coockburn and Hecht, 1989). International markets have lead Amazonia into thriftless production of export (Coockburn and Hecht, 1989). This can be seen in the ‘hamburger connection’ where North American food chains have kept cost low by purchasing cheap Third World beef (Coockburn and Hecht, 1989). In addition, enormous national debts, especially in Brazil have made the clearance of tropical rain forests a necessity. It is debatable if the developed world has caused the corruption in Third World societies. Brazil is a very polarized society where a few have the majority of the capital. However it is the developed world’s standard of living that these few rich people do not want to give up. Is there any way to prevent the destruction of the rain forests? A grass roots approach would be educating the poor and offer the best technical solutions. However studies of the particular area should be conducted to ensure sustainablility. Education would also help in reducing the population if the proper services were supplied. On a regional scale, biological reserves should be established to protect parts of the rain forest as illustrated in Figure 3 (Sawyer, 1990). Nationally, land use policies should be changed, especially in Brazil; if one clears the forest it becomes the property of the individual (Sawyer, 1990). However political pressure would be needed to establish this. Also royalties, concession fees and timber export taxes should be increased and logging licenses removed for those companies not carrying out logging to a satisfactory level (Sawyer, 1990).