По тексту:
Найдите в тексте следующие словосочетания:
протягивание металла череz фильеру;
волочение проволоки;
уменьшение диаметра;
толщина листа;
растягивать выше точки текучести;
сохранить новую форму;
края отреzаются;
уменьшить необходимое усилие;
конечные раzмеры;
увеличить пластичность металла;
воzдушные или паровые молоты;
сила и скорость штампования;
внутри стенок двух штампов;
отделочная обработка;
малые допуски;
Вот текст: Drawing consists of pulling metal through a die. One type is wire drawing. The diameter reduction that can be achieved in one die is limited, but several dies in series can be used to get the desired reduction. Sheet metal forming Sheet metal forming is widely used when parts of certain shape and size are needed. It includes forging, bending and shearing. One characteristic of sheet metal forming is that the thickness of the sheet changes little in processing. The metal is stretched just beyond its yield point (2 to 4 percent strain) in order to retain the new shape. Bending can be done by pressing between two dies. Shearing is a cutting operation similar to that used for cloth. Each of these processes may be used alone, but often all three are used on one part. For example, to make the roof of an automobile from a flat sheet, the edges are gripped and the piece pulled in tension over a lower die. Next an upper die is pressed over the top, finishing the forming operation, and finally the edges are sheared off to give the final dimensions. Forging Forging is the shaping of a piece of metal by pushing with open or closed dies. It is usually done hot in order to reduce the required force and increase the metal's plasticity. Open-die forging is usually done by hammering a part between two flat faces. It is used to make parts that are too big to be formed in a closed die or in cases where only a few parts are to be made. The earliest forging machines lifted a large hammer that was then dropped on the workpiece, but now air or steam hammers are used, since they allow greater control over the force and the rate of forming. The part is shaped by moving or turning it between blows. Closed-die forging is the shaping of hot metal within the walls of two dies that come together to enclose the workpiece on all sides. The process starts with a rod or bar cut to the length needed to fill the die. Since large, complex shapes and large strains are involved, several dies may be used to go from the initial bar to the final shape. With closed dies, parts can be made to close tolerances so that little finish machining is required. Two closed-die forging operations are given special names. They are upsetting and coining. Coining takes its name from the final stage of forming metal coins, where the desired imprint is formed on a metal disk that is pressed in a closed die. Coining involves small strains and is done cold. Upsetting involves a flow of the metal back upon itself. An example of this process is the pushing of a short length of a rod through a hole, clamping the rod, and then hitting the exposed length with a die to form the head of a nail or bolt.
Emily said that their teacher would go to Leipzig the next day.
2) Helen:"I was writing a letter yesterday."
Helen told me that she had been writing a letter the day before.
3) Robert:"My father flew to Dallas last year."
Robert told me that his father had flown to Dallas previous year.
4) Lisa:"Tim went to the stadium an hour ago."
Lisa said that Tim had gone to the stadium an hour ago.
5) Patricia:"My mother will celebrate her birthday next weekend."
Patricia said that her mother would celebrate her birthday the following weekend.
6) Michael:"I am going to read a book this week."
Michael said to me that he was going to read a book that week.
7) Jason and Victoria:"We will do our best in the exams tomorrow."
Jason and Victoria told me that they would do their best in the exams the next day.
8) Andrew:"We didn't eat fish two days ago."
Andrew remarked that hadn't eaten fish two days ago.
9) Alice:"I spent all my pocket money on Monday."
Alice complained that she had spent all her pocket money on Monday.
10) David:"John had already gone at six."
David said that John had already gone at six.
Emily said that their teacher would go to Leipzig the next day.
2) Helen:"I was writing a letter yesterday."
Helen told me that she had been writing a letter the day before.
3) Robert:"My father flew to Dallas last year."
Robert told me that his father had flown to Dallas previous year.
4) Lisa:"Tim went to the stadium an hour ago."
Lisa said that Tim had gone to the stadium an hour ago.
5) Patricia:"My mother will celebrate her birthday next weekend."
Patricia said that her mother would celebrate her birthday the following weekend.
6) Michael:"I am going to read a book this week."
Michael said to me that he was going to read a book that week.
7) Jason and Victoria:"We will do our best in the exams tomorrow."
Jason and Victoria told me that they would do their best in the exams the next day.
8) Andrew:"We didn't eat fish two days ago."
Andrew remarked that hadn't eaten fish two days ago.
9) Alice:"I spent all my pocket money on Monday."
Alice complained that she had spent all her pocket money on Monday.
10) David:"John had already gone at six."
David said that John had already gone at six.