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nato has warned that european countries may have to face living in a new reality following
the scrapping of the long-standing nuclear treaty between russia and the united states.
in the latest chapter of the war of words over the treaty, the alliance's secretary general said
despite the dismantling of the agreement, nato's commitment to shared defence remained
strong.
speaking at a brussels commemoration event for the september 11 attacks, jens
stoltenberg said europe needs to prepare for a world where russia could place
nuclear-capable missiles on its doorstep.
"what we are doing in nato now is that we are adapting to a world without the inf treaty,
with more russian missiles," he said.
"we will do that in a coordinated, in a defensive way, but we have to make sure that we
maintain credible defence also in a world where the inf treaty doesn't exist anymore and
where russia has deployed new nuclear-capable missiles in europe."
the united states formally withdrew from the cold war-era intermediate-range nuclear
forces treaty (inf) on august 2, after accusing moscow of violating it, a charge dismissed
by the kremlin.
the pact had prohibited land-based missiles with a range of 310-3,400 miles, reducing the
ability
of both countries to launch a nuclear strike at short notice.
Invented the world's first light bulb threw attempts even in the distant ancient times. Even the Egyptians and the inhabitants of the Mediterranean for the lighting of the premises used olive oil, pouring it in special receptacles made of clay, with the wicks of cotton threads. While the residents of the coast of the Caspian sea in such электросветильники put a little bit different fuel material, namely oil. The first candle was created already closer to the middle ages and were made from wax, which made the bees. Further, for several centuries, the great geniuses of the world, including the same of Leonardo da Vinci who worked on the invention of a kerosene lamp. But the first safe lighting device was invented only in the 19th century. That is, the first light bulb was made only a quarter of a century.
The first electric light bulb (like modern) invented Pavel N. Yablochkov, who all his life he worked as electrician. But the thought of it not only the bulb, and the first electric candle! With the aid of the candle Yablochkov were first illuminate the streets of the city. The candle had a value of 20 kopecks and the burned a lamp and a half hours. After that it was necessary to change the yard to the other. Later were invented lights with automatic substitution of the candle.
Candles Yablochkov were very inconvenient compared with electric lights, since they were short-lived and shone variable luminous flux. For something like this invention makes it possible to use light bulbs to the masses, to light lit up the streets artificial light in the dark. So lighting devices were used extensively as in the marketplaces, and in the cities, theaters, and even in the shopping centers.
Since 1840 in 1870 year tens of inventors from all over the world tried to create the perfect light bulb, which would have burned constantly. But all of them went bad. However, in 1872-1873 years of luck still turns to the scientists of the face, namely the Russian engineer-inventor Лодыгину Alexander Nikolayevich. Лодыгин became the pioneer of the modern, electric ламочки. Before this, in the world's never been invented. The lamp has passed all the tests. The lamp can burn up to half an hour. Later on it started to pump the air, which enabled it burn for much longer.
On the streets of Saint Petersburg the first 2 lamp Лодыгина caught fire in 1873.
However, American scientist and inventor Thomas Edison knew about the experiments, which were carried out by Лодыгин and not sitting on his hands. And in 1879 he began to apply the coal thread, made from solid beech hair. To achieve the desired result, he studied a huge number of species of bamboo, and after 6 000 attempts with the coal threads, he found what he was looking for. Thanks to his numerous experiments Edison able to accomplish what it bulbs burned hundreds of hours. But in this achievement Edison was not the first.
In 1878, the English scientist-inventor Joseph Swan invented by one electric bulb which had the form of a glass flask, inside of which there was a coal thread. Later Edison and Swan merged to create your company on the production of the first electric incandescent bulbs Edison & Swan United Electric Light Company.
A seemingly insignificant opening of brilliant scientists changed the world radically and gave a big impetus to the technological development of mankind.
2. At the butcher's you can buy different kinds of meat - beef, pork, mutton or offal.
3. No, I don't. At the greengrocer's you can buy different vegetables and greens, such as green onions, parsley, fennel (or dill), salad and so on.
When I need to buy sweets, I usually visit a candy store or confectionary.
4. People buy sour cream at the dairy shop.
5. You can buy fish at the fishmonger's. Sometimes fish can be bought at the supermarket.