Переделайте из действительного залога в страдательный следующий текст : Two little children were sitting by the fire one cold winter's night. All at once they heard a timid knock at the door and one ran to open it.
There, outside in the cold and darkness, stood a child with no shoes upon his feet and clad in thin, ragged garments. He was shivering with cold, and he asked to come in and warm himself.
‘Yes, come in,’ cried both the children. ‘You shall have our place by the fire. Come in.'
They drew the little stranger to their warm seat and shared their supper with him, and gave him their bed, while they slept on a hard bench.
In the night they were awakened by strains of sweet music, and looking out, they saw a band of children in shining garments, approaching the house. They were playing on golden harps and the air was full of melody.
Suddenly the Strange Child stood before them: no longer cold and ragged, but clad in silvery light.
His soft voice said: ‘I was cold and you took Me in. I was hungry and you fed Me. I was tired and you gave Me your bed. I am the Christ-Child, wandering through the world to bring peace and happiness to all good children. As you have given to Me, so may this tree every year give rich fruit to you.'
So saying, He broke a branch from the fir-tree (пихта) that grew near the door, and He planted it in the ground and disappeared. And the branch grew into a great tree, and every year it bore wonderful fruit for the kind children.
She said to us " Do it as soon as you can". She told us a) to do it as soon as we could.
Direct-indirect conversion
При переводе прямой речи в косвенную, временная форма сдвигается на шаг в кроме следующих случаев:
1. Если слова автора в настоящем или будущем времени. He will say that he has been there before. Он скажет, что уже был здесь.
2. Действие в Past Perfect (Continuous) или в Future-in-the-Past.
3. Обстоятельства времени не изменились. He said that he bought it yesterday. Он сказал, что купил это вчера.
4. Утверждение всегда верно. The teacher said that water boils at 100 C. Учитель сказал, что вода кипит при ста градусах.
5. Утверждение верно длительный период времени или в текущем отрезке времени. She said that she loves you. Она сказала, что любит тебя.
6. Сообщение повторяется сразу же. He said that the food is delicious. Он сказал, что еда изыскана.
7. В условных предложениях 2 типа. He said that if he were you, he wouldn’t do that. Он сказал, что на твоём месте он не стал бы этого делать.
8. Желаемые события. She said she wished she were younger. Она о том, что она не моложе.
9. Глагол ought to. He said they ought to be careful. Он сказал, что им следует быть осторожней.
10. Глагол must в значении «должно быть». He said that they must be at home. Он сказал, что они должно быть дома.
Для передачи общих вопросов используется if или whether. Вопросительные предложения передаются с прямым порядком слов: He asked me if/whether they were at home. С глаголом-связкой порядок может быть обратным: He asked me what was the price.
При сдвиге временной формы глагола в в косвенной речи, по ситуации, изменяются обстоятельства места и времени, местоимения, а также, происходит отстранение от эмоций:
this – that, these – those, here – there, now - then (at that moment, at once, immediately), come – go, today – (on) that day, yesterday – the day before(earlier), tomorrow - (on) the next (following) day, last week – the week before, ago - before(earlier), next week – the next (following) week, now that – since, so – very, yes/no – answered in the positive/negative, he - that man, we - they, come - go.
Если из прямой речи лицо не известно, используется местоимение they, а в словах автора wanted to know, wondered:
He said: “Come here”. – He told them to come up to him.
He said: “Where are you going?” – He wanted to know/wondered where they were going.