English is a West Germanic language first spoken in early medieval England which eventually became the leading language of international discourse in today's world.[4][5][6] It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the area of Great Britain that later took their name, England. Both names derive from Anglia, a peninsula on the Baltic Sea. English is most closely related to Frisian and Low Saxon, while its vocabulary has been significantly influenced by other Germanic languages, particularly Old Norse (a North Germanic language), as well as Latin and French.[7][8][9]
English has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years. The earliest forms of English, a group of West Germanic (Ingvaeonic) dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the 5th century, are collectively called Old English. Middle English began in the late 11th century with the Norman conquest of England; this was a period in which English was influenced by Old French, in particular through its Old Norman dialect.[10][11] Early Modern English began in the late 15th century with the introduction of the printing press to London, the printing of the King James Bible and the start of the Great Vowel Shift.[12]
Modern English has been spreading around the world since the 17th century by the worldwide influence of the British Empire and the United States. Through all types of printed and electronic media of these countries, English has become the leading language of international discourse and the lingua franca in many regions and professional contexts such as science, navigation and law.[4] Modern English grammar is the result of a gradual change from a typical Indo-European dependent marking pattern, with a rich inflectional morphology and relatively free word order, to a mostly analytic pattern with little inflection, a fairly fixed subject–verb–object word order and a complex syntax.[13] Modern English relies more on auxiliary verbs and word order for the expression of complex tenses, aspect and mood, as well as passive constructions, interrogatives and some negation.
English is the largest language by number of speakers,[14] and the third most-spoken native language in the world, after Standard Chinese and Spanish.[15] It is the most widely learned second language and is either the official language or one of the official languages in almost 60 sovereign states. There are more people who have learned it as a second language than there are native speakers. As of 2005, it was estimated that there were over 2 billion speakers of English.[16] English is the majority native language in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Ireland, and it is widely spoken in some areas of the Caribbean, Africa and South Asia.[17] It is a co-official language of the United Nations, the European Union and many other world and regional international organisations. It is the most widely spoken Germanic language, accounting for at least 70% of speakers of this Indo-European branch. English speakers are called "Anglophones". Variability among the accents and dialects of English used in different countries and regions—in terms of phonetics and phonology, and sometimes also vocabulary, idioms, grammar, and spelling—does not typically prevent understanding by speakers of other dialects, although mutual unintelligibility can occur at extreme ends of the dialect continuum.
English is a West Germanic language first spoken in early medieval England which eventually became the leading language of international discourse in today's world.[4][5][6] It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the area of Great Britain that later took their name, England. Both names derive from Anglia, a peninsula on the Baltic Sea. English is most closely related to Frisian and Low Saxon, while its vocabulary has been significantly influenced by other Germanic languages, particularly Old Norse (a North Germanic language), as well as Latin and French.[7][8][9]
English has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years. The earliest forms of English, a group of West Germanic (Ingvaeonic) dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the 5th century, are collectively called Old English. Middle English began in the late 11th century with the Norman conquest of England; this was a period in which English was influenced by Old French, in particular through its Old Norman dialect.[10][11] Early Modern English began in the late 15th century with the introduction of the printing press to London, the printing of the King James Bible and the start of the Great Vowel Shift.[12]
Modern English has been spreading around the world since the 17th century by the worldwide influence of the British Empire and the United States. Through all types of printed and electronic media of these countries, English has become the leading language of international discourse and the lingua franca in many regions and professional contexts such as science, navigation and law.[4] Modern English grammar is the result of a gradual change from a typical Indo-European dependent marking pattern, with a rich inflectional morphology and relatively free word order, to a mostly analytic pattern with little inflection, a fairly fixed subject–verb–object word order and a complex syntax.[13] Modern English relies more on auxiliary verbs and word order for the expression of complex tenses, aspect and mood, as well as passive constructions, interrogatives and some negation.
English is the largest language by number of speakers,[14] and the third most-spoken native language in the world, after Standard Chinese and Spanish.[15] It is the most widely learned second language and is either the official language or one of the official languages in almost 60 sovereign states. There are more people who have learned it as a second language than there are native speakers. As of 2005, it was estimated that there were over 2 billion speakers of English.[16] English is the majority native language in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Ireland, and it is widely spoken in some areas of the Caribbean, Africa and South Asia.[17] It is a co-official language of the United Nations, the European Union and many other world and regional international organisations. It is the most widely spoken Germanic language, accounting for at least 70% of speakers of this Indo-European branch. English speakers are called "Anglophones". Variability among the accents and dialects of English used in different countries and regions—in terms of phonetics and phonology, and sometimes also vocabulary, idioms, grammar, and spelling—does not typically prevent understanding by speakers of other dialects, although mutual unintelligibility can occur at extreme ends of the dialect continuum.
Объяснение:
ответ:№1 Write negative sentences with full verb forms.
1. Dad is not windsurfing now.
2. Sam is not discussing problems at the moment.
3. She is not talking to parents now.
№2 Choose the correct option to fill in the gaps with «just» and the correct form of the verbs.
My friend 2 to Manchester.
She 2 me.
Tim and Liz 2 a cake.
1) has just moved, have just phoned, has just cooked
2) has just moved, has just phoned, have just cooked
3) has just move, have just phone, has just cook
4) just has moved, just have phoned, just has cooked
№3 Write these words in the correct order. Use punctuation marks:
1. a child/ever/ Mount Everest/has/ climbed?-Has a child ever climbed Mount Everest?
2. it/ever/snowed/has/July/in?-Has it ever snowed in July?
3. seen/a tiger/ever/has/Bella?-Has Bella ever seen a tiger?
№4 Choose the right variant of Present Perfect:
1. Jill and Carrie have tidied
their rooms.
2. Harry has caught
a big fish.
3. Tina has not worked today.
№5 Write the full verb form of Present Perfect Continuous:
1. My parents have been smoking
for years. (smoke)
2. They have been lying
in the sun for hours. (lie)
3. Mal has been listening
to music since 11:00. (listen)
№6 Choose the correct form of the verb.
1. When I’m tired, I enjoy ___watching TV.
watching
to watch
2. Our neighbour threatened _to call the police if we didn’t stop the noise.
calling
to call
3. Hurry up! I don’t want to risk__to missthe train.
to miss
missing
№7 Choose the right forms of the verbs to fill in the gaps.
If she tried 3 a lighter racquet, her game might improve.
I regret 3___ you that your injury will prevent you from playing any more matches this season.
He means 3 to Glasgow.
1) using, to inform, to move
2) using, informing, to move
3) to use, to inform, moving
№8 Read these sentences and choose only when, where, who, why.
Write your answers.
1. Is this shop...
you bought your new dress?
2. Do you remember the weekend...
we went camping in the woods?
3. The woman...
lives in that house is very rich.
№9 Complete each sentence using who/whom/whose/where. Write only one word in the gap.
1. The place we spent our holidays was really beautiful.
2. This school is only for children first language is not English.
3. I met a man sister was a super star.
Объяснение: