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many middle-class british couples used (have) three children in the 1960s. since then the birthrate appears (decline) sharply, and by now it seems (level) out at “non-quite-replacement” for the present population. even today, though, near- ly half of the families are likely (end up) with two children, another quarter tend (have) three or more children and only one family in four has a single child. this means that the vast majority of children have at least one brother or sister and family relationships are believed (be) clusters of ties between parents and children, husbands and wives, brothers and sis- ters.
for the last thirty years, fathers have been explicitly urged (help) bring up their children and seem (become) more in- volved. watching the baby being born used (forbid); now it is rare (find) fathers who don’t help their wives in hospital and learn (hug) their children from the first hours of life.
there is a general agreement among british parents of all social groups that children should (teach) (be) kind, (be) honest and (be) fair; and that it is wrong (be) cruel, (steal) or (destroy) the happiness of other people. children are ex- pected (learn) (be) loyal to their own group. it should (note) that the british do not make a cult of “suffering” and “pa- tience against cruelty” like many russians, including dostoevsky. kindness is supposed (be) active and practical. suffer- ing should (relieve), not (admire).
another moral appeal to the british child is “(be) fair”. basic justice should (do). if there are three apples and three children, then each child should (have) one. if there are four children, then the apples should (divide). queueing, taking turns, working out the justice of a situation for everyone: this is very deeply rooted in the british.
in other western countries, different values are stressed. the americans like (teach) their children that everyone has a right to – health, wealth, happiness, education, goods, etc. so it is your duty (insist) on your rights and not (let) other people (take) them away.
1) was lying
2) went
3) arrived
4) saw
5) were having
6) got
7) was working
8) knew
9) bought, were fitting
10) did you park
11) were waiting
12) looked, was sleeping
13) went
14) met, came
15) were you doing, was trying
16) had found, went, turned
17) said, was
18) arrived, wasn't be, was studying
19) called, weren't be, was working
20) was watching, went
21) was, didn't hear, wasn't listening
22) called, was thinking
23) was crossing, hit
24) rescued, was
25) had lived, was living
26) woke (up), was snowing
2. Now he often sleeps in the daytime but he never slept in the daytime before.
3. Now she knows something about the life of these people but before she came to live here she knew nothing.
4. Now I like classical music but when I was 18 I liked rock.
5. I am a student now but last year I was a pupil.
6. He leaves home at 8 oclock in the morning but when he lived in the country he left home at 7.
7. He doesn't smoke now but only a few months ago he smoked.
8. She seldom writes to me now but there was a time when she wrote to me more often.
9. This year we go to the cinema at weekends but last year we went to the cinema once a month.
10. We usually watch TV in the evening but last night we watched it in the afternoon .