Нужно найти синонимы из текста Great Britain, officially the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles, off Western Europe. It is separated from France by only 34 kilometres of water. The country’s total area is about 244 thousand square kilometers. The country is also called Great Britain, Britain or the U K. But to be more precise, Great Britain comprises England, Wales and Scotland on the island of Great Britain, while the United Kingdom consists of Great Britain as well as Northern Ireland on the island of Ireland. The capital of the United Kingdom is London, in England. The capitals of Scotland, Ireland and Wales are Edinburgh, Belfast and Cardiff respectively. Great Britain is the fourth most populous country in Europe, it has about 57 million inhabitants. The English are more than 80 % of the country’s population. The Church of England, also called the Anglican Church, is the official church in England.
Despite a small island, Great Britain has a remarkable variety of landscapes. To the north and west are highlands — the mountains of Scotland, Cambria and Wales, and the Pennine Chain. A warm ocean current, the Gulf Stream, washes Britain’s western coast and the fact accounts for the mildness of its climate.
Great Britain is one of the world’s leading industrialized countries. It has achieved this position despite the lack of most raw materials required for industry. The country also imports about 40 % of its food supplies. The developed branches of industry include machine tools, electric power, automation, and railroad equipment; ships, motor vehicle, as well as aircraft production; electronic and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, petroleum, coal, food processing, paper, textiles, and clothing.
As for its form of government the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy. It means that the United Kingdom is governed by hereditary sovereign, an elected House of Commons and a partly hereditary House of Lords. The constitution exists in no one document but nevertheless it is a centuries-old accumulation of statutes, judicial decisions, usage, and tradition.
The sovereign has the title of King (or Queen). The Sovereign has very few functions that really matter, such as the function of the arbiter of last resort in some matters. The hereditary monarch is almost entirely limited to exercising ceremonial functions. These matters can be dissolution of Parliament, and invitations to form a government where there is no clear majority. The Queen is Elizabeth II.
The highest legislative power is vested in the Parliament, which seats for five years unless sooner dissolved. The Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords with about 830 hereditary peers, 26 spiritual peers, about 270 life peers and peeresses, and the House of Commons. House of Commons is the real government body of the United Kingdom. In order to become a law, a new bill proposed by the Cabinet, must be approved by the both Houses of the Parliament. The Lords cannot veto a bill, but they can delay it for a year. However financial bills cannot be delayed by the House of Lords.
The executive power of the country is exercised by the Cabinet headed by Prime Minister. Prime Minister is the head of the party commanding a majority in the House of Commons appointed by the Monarch. Prime Minister appoints the rest of the board members of the Cabinet. The Cabinet proposes bills and arranges business of the Parliament.
Since 1945 the country’s government has vested in only two political parties alternately: the conservatives (the Tory) and the Labour Party. No other party has been in office at all as there have been no coalitions since then. The third long-established party, the Liberals, enjoyed moments of success not for a long time, and no one member of the Liberal Party has held government office since 1945.
Exercise 4. Find synonyms in the text for the following words
Locate
set apart
region
exact
cover
be made up
dweller
impressive
advanced
reach
custom
belong
dismiss
claim
detain
leader
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