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22.09.2022 23:34 •  Английский язык

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A Man Before His Time: Charles Babbage

It was more than a century before a machine capable of doing mathematics more complex than basic arithmetic was developed. Charles Babbage, in 1823, was commissioned by the British Chancellor of the Exchequer to design a machine to solve sixth-degree polynomials – a+bN+cN2+dN4+eN4+fN5+gN6 – primarily for the purpose of calculating astronomical tables more accurately. Babbage had trouble constructing a working prototype and eventually abandoned the project, but it was revived by Pehr Georg Scheutz of Sweden, who built two improved Babbage-design Difference Engines with Babbage’s help.

From 1833 to the end of his life in 1871, Babbage was consumed with developing a general-purpose machine, a mechanical computer with truly revolutionary speed and scope.

His Analytical Engine, had it worked, would have been the world’s first programmable digital computer, complete with a memory and printer. It was to have been a parallel machine as well, performing arithmetic on as many as 50 decimal

digits at one time. What ultimately defeated the project was that Babbage’s theory, his design, was too advanced for the technology of his day (a problem that has doomed many projects since then). It was impossible to have mechanical parts machined accurately enough for them to work together smoothly. Tiny imperfections in rods, wheels, ratchets and gears would compound as the parts were assembled into components that groaned and threatened self-destruction.

The Analytical Engine was designed as a digital, or counting, computer. Each of its inputs was accounted for by a click of the ratchet, much the same way that a clock counts seconds and compiles them into minutes and hours. Other non-electronic, digital computers were built after Babbage, but even when they functioned properly, they were slow. Provided Ch. Babbage had created a computer in his life-time, what level of the development had our society reached nowadays?