Mausoleum at Halicarnassus is a tomb monument of the Carian ruler Mausolus was built in the middle of the IV century BC on the orders of his wife, III, Artemisia of Halicarnassus, modern Bodrum (Turkey), one of the ancient wonders of the world. As a building it was a complex combination of dynastic monument Hecatomnid, Waroona and the tomb of Mausolus.The construction of the Mausoleum began even before the death of Mausolus in 359 BC and, according to ancient authors, was driven by his wife Artemisia. For the design of the Mausoleum she invited Greek architects and Pipea Satire, and the most illustrious sculptors of that time — Seohara, scopas (whose work adorned the second Temple of Artemis at Ephesus), Breaksea and Timotheos.The architecture of the Mausoleum is unusual for Greek architecture of the time: if classical Greek temples, a rectangular shape and their height does not exceed the length of the facade, the Mausoleum plan is almost square, and its height is much greater than the side of the base.The mausoleum stood for 19 centuries. In the XIII century it collapsed from a strong earthquake, and in 1522 the remains of the Mausoleum was demolished by the knights of St John on the construction of the fortress of St. Peter. In 1846 the ruins explored by the expedition of the British Museum under the direction of Charles Thomas Newton. According to the results of research were drawn up several variants of the reconstruction of the original appearance, one of which was the basis of Grant's tomb in Manhattan.
