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A:When we say ‘something has happened’, this is usually new information:
Ow! I’ve cut my finger.
The road is closed. There’s been an accident. (= There has been …)
Police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery.
When we use the present perfect, there is a connection with now. The action in the past has a result now: Tom has lost his key. (= he doesn’t have it now)
He told me his name, but I’ve forgotten it. (= I can’t remember it now)
Sally is still here. She hasn’t gone out. (= she is here now) I can’t find my bag.
Have you seen it? (= do you know where it is now?)
Compare gone (to) and been (to): James is on holiday. He has gone to Italy. (= he is there now or on his way there) Amy is back home now. She has been to Italy. (= she has now come back)
B :You can also use the past simple (did, went, had etc.) in the examples on this page. So you can say:
Ben isn’t here. He’s gone out. or He went out.
‘Are you hungry?’ ‘No, I’ve just had lunch.’ or ‘No, I just had lunch.’
D : You can use the present perfect with just, already and yet. Just = a short time ago:
‘Are you hungry?’ ‘No, I’ve just had lunch.’
Hello. Have you just arrived?
Already = sooner than expected:
‘Don’t forget to pay the bill.’ ‘I’ve already paid it.’
‘What time is Mark leaving?’ ‘He’s already left .
’ Yet = until now. We use yet to show that we are expecting something to happen. We use yet in questions and negative sentences:
Has it stopped raining yet? I’ve written the email, but I haven’t sent it yet.
C: The present perfect simple is have/has + past participle. The past participle oft en ends in -ed (finished/decided etc.), but many verbs are irregular (lost/done/written etc.).
Task2: translate examples into Kazakh.
Task 3: Read the situations and complete the sentences using the present perfect. Choose from these
verbs:
break disappear go up grow improve lose shrink stop
1 Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it. Tom has lost his key.
2 Maria’s English wasn’t very good. Now it is better. Her English
3 My bag was here, but it isn’t here any more. My bag
4 Lisa can’t walk and her leg is in plaster. Lisa
5 Last week the bus fare was Ј1.80. Now it is Ј2. The bus fare
6 Dan didn’t have a beard before. Now he has a beard. Dan
7 It was raining ten minutes ago. It isn’t raining now. It
8 I washed my sweater, and now it’s too small for me. My sweater
Task 4: Put in been or gone.
1 My parents are on holiday. They’ve gone to Italy.
2 Hello! I’ve just to the shops. I’ve bought lots of things.
3 Tom has just out. He’ll be back in about an hour.
4 Alice isn’t here at the moment. I don’t know where she’s .
5 You’re very late. Where have you ?
Task 4: Complete the sentences using the present perfect.
1 Sally is still here. She hasn’t gone (she / not / go) out.
2 I can’t find my bag. (you / see / it) anywhere?
3 I can’t log on to the website. (I / forget) my password.
4 I sent Joe an email this morning, but (he / not / reply).
5 Is the meeting still going on, or (it / finish)?
6 (the weather / change). It’s colder now.
7 (you / not / sign) the form. Could you sign it now, please?
8 Are your friends still here, or (they / go) home?
9 Paul doesn’t know what he’s going to do.
(he / not / decide / yet).
10 ‘Do you know where Julia is?’ ‘Yes, (I / just / see / her).’
11 ‘When is David going away?’ ‘ (he / already / go).’
12 a: (your course / start / yet)?
b: Not yet. It starts next week.
1.We do not always call different ports following the instructions.
2. When his ship does not enter some ports, he usually has a lot of work to do.
3.The student on duty does not always report to the teacher at the beginning of the lesson.
4.When he is not around the world, he usually has a good time.
5.It is not very difficult to communicate with a person who speaks a different language than you.
6.In spring, summer and autumn, he does not sail on a passenger liner. In winter, he does not teach navigation at the naval school.
7.This is only possible if the crew does not speak a common language - English.
8.There are no seafarers of different countries and nationalities on board.
9. My friend is often not actively involved in the community life of our college.
10. He doesn't work hard when he is sailing.
Объяснение
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1. Who are you looking at right now? I'm looking at this old lady.
2. Who is your friend talking to? He is talking to our teacher.
3. What do you tell your friends about? I'm telling them about my holiday.
4. Are you writing a dictation now? No, we are doing exercise 9.
5. Where do you go in the evening? We're going to the circus.
6. When do they come to Moscow? they arrive in the morning.
7. We leave for Minsk.
8. Are these students doing the activity or rewriting the text?
9. Who do these students meet? They meet international students.
10. Where are you going? I'm going to a photo exhibition.