Mikhail Lomonosov (1711-1765) was a Russian scientist and writer who made significant contributions to literature, education, and science. Among his discoveries was the atmosphere of Venus. He was interested in chemistry, physics, optics, geography, history, and art. His poetry contributed to the development of the modern Russian language.
Lomonosov was born in the village of Denisovka (now Lomonosovo) under Kholmogory in the far North of Russia. His father, originally a fisherman, eventually bought a ship and started transporting things from Arkhangelsk to other places. When Mikhail was ten, his father decided that the boy was old enough to help him.
However, the young Lomonosov was not interested in the family business. Learning was what he wanted. His neighbor taught him to read, and he spent as much time as he could on books, among which was a grammar and a book of arithmetic. The knowledge he received at home was not enough for Lomonosov, and in 1730, at the age of nineteen, he left the village and joined a caravan going to Moscow.
Here he entered the Slavic Greek Latin Academy and for a long time lived on bread and water, but quickly began to Excel in his studies. He completed a twelve-year course of study in just five years and graduated from the Academy with excellent results. As a fantastic student, he was given the opportunity to go to Saint Petersburg University and then to the University of Marburg in Germany.
The latter was one of the most important universities in Europe in the 18th century. Lomonosov quickly learned German and showed an interest in German literature and philosophy. He studied chemistry seriously and started writing poetry. In Germany, Lomonosov married. The money he received from the Russian Academy of Sciences was not enough for his growing family, and he decided to return to St. Petersburg.
At home, he became a member of the Academy and soon became a Professor of chemistry. Wanting to improve education in Russia, he and count Ivan Shuvalov founded Moscow University.
Lomonosov developed a number of important theories and made several brilliant discoveries, wrote poems, some of which are remembered to this day.
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1. Sarah told that all the letters had been writ-
ben. 2. Benny greeted the people who have been invited to the meeting. 3. These children are never
given any pocket money. 4. The inhabitants of the village were
being asked about people living in their neighbourhood when the
police arrived. 5. Jane allowed her brother to go to the
cinema. 6. Children are being seldom allowed to see horror films.
7. I entered the house when our seats were shown to my
parents. 8. The funny scene was followed by the laughter
of the audience. 9. John was asked by his uncle if the fairs
in the village had been often visited. 10. John says the socks
have not been mended yet.