HELPP If a line is correct put a tick. Use the letter "V" as a tick. If a line has a word which should not be there, write the
word in a given space.
1. By the 1820s, it extended not much beyond the Appalachians. The move to the West as we now know it
began in earnest in the mid-1840s when the expression Oregon fever erupted.
2. Encouraged by the government to settle the north-western territory claimed also by Britain, thousands of
homesteaders were set off for a new life at the end of the Oregon Trail.
3. The peopling of the West became not just an opportunity to be seized, but a kind of mission.
4. The Oregon Trail is a somewhat misleading term. For one thing, it wasn’t a trail in the sense of a welldeTned track. It was a corridor, highly likely variable in width, across the grassy plains.
5. Moreover, after the Trst few years relatively a few of those who travelled the trail were heading for Oregon.
6. One of the great myths of the westward migration, compounded by a thousand movies, was that the
immigrants lumbered over the prairies in Conestoga wagons. These sturdy vehicles were uselessly heavy for
the long pull to Oregon or California.
7. They did not haul some freight west, but almost never did they transport families. Instead westward
immigrants used lighter, smaller and much nimbler wagons universally known as prairie schooners.
8. These were hauled not by horses, but by mules or oxen, which could withstand the hardships of prairie
crossings far better than any horse could.
9. A Tnal myth engendered by Hollywood was that wagons gathered in a circle whenever under attack by
Indians. They didn’t, and for the simple reason that the process would have been so laborious to organize
that the party would very probably have been slaughtered before the job was even a one quarter
accomplished.
10. Wagons were covered with a canvas, as in the movies, though that word was seldom used.
11. The material was more generally known in the nineteenth century as twill. Though wagon train was also
used (it is Trst recorded in 1849), the term wasn’t particularly apt.
12. For much of the journey the wagons fanned out into an advancing line up to ten miles wide to avoid each
other’s dust — and providing yet another obstacle to their forming into circles.
13. Many of the early homesteaders had only the faintest idea of what they were being letting themselves in for,
and often through no fault of their own. Until well into the third decade of the nineteenth century ignorance
of the West remained so profound!
14. Those who went west, incidentally, didn’t think of themselves as still being in America.
15. Until about the time of the Civil War, America was generally taken to signify itself the eastern states, so that
accounts of the time commonly contain statements like ‘Some people here [in Oregon] are talking about
returning to America’.
2) Much of the equipment in the office needs updating.
3) A car is a means of transport.
4) How many cigarettes do you smoke a day?
5) When I got to the theatre, they were already playing the second act.
6) Unusual facts, marvels are called phenomena.
7) The brown sweater is the best.
8) That was the most interesting movie I have ever seen.
9) Uncle Carl is really a sweet old man.
10) Which is the longest river, the Dnipro or the Dnister?
11) Fanny can sew dresses so well.
12) Taras drives dangerously.
13) Those apples look delicious. May I have one?
14) She often sneaks out of the house quietly.
15) I absolutely refuse to stay here any longer.
Muscle Contraction: Muscles are made up of bundles of individual muscle fibers. When these muscle fibers receive signals from the nervous system, they contract, which means they shorten and generate force. This contraction is the primary mechanism by which muscles create movement.
Muscle Groups and Antagonistic Pairs: Muscles often work in groups and pairs to create coordinated movements. For example, when you bend your arm at the elbow, the biceps muscle contracts, while the triceps muscle relaxes. These muscles are known as antagonistic pairs, as they have opposing actions.
Tendons and Bones: Muscles are attached to bones via tendons, which are strong connective tissues. When a muscle contracts, it pulls on the attached tendon, which, in turn, pulls on the bone, causing movement around the joint.
Muscle Fiber Types: Our muscles consist of different types of muscle fibers, including slow-twitch fibers and fast-twitch fibers. Slow-twitch fibers are responsible for endurance activities and sustained contractions, while fast-twitch fibers generate more force and are involved in quick, powerful movements.
Muscle Synergies: Multiple muscles often work together in a coordinated manner to perform complex movements. These muscle synergies involve the activation and synchronization of various muscle groups to produce smooth and efficient motions.
Fine Motor Control: In addition to larger movements, our muscles also enable fine motor control. Small, intricate movements, such as typing on a keyboard or holding a pen, require precise coordination of muscles and motor units to execute precise actions.