HARDWARE, SOFTWARE AND FIRMWARE
The units that are visible in any computer are the physical components of a data processing system, or hardware. Thus, the input, storage, processing and control devices are hardware. Not visible is the software — the set of computer programs, procedures, and associated documentation that make possible the effective operation of the computer system. Software programs are of two types: systems software and applications software.
Systems software are the programs designed to control the operation of a computer system. They do not solve specific problems. They are written to assist people in the use of the computer system by performing tasks, such as controlling all of the operations required, to move data into and out of a computer and all of the steps in executing an application program. The person who prepares systems software is referred to as a systems programmer. Systems programmers are highly trained specialists and important members of the architectural team.
Applications software are the programs written to solve specific problems (applications), such as payroll, inventory control, and investment analysis. The word program usually refers to an application program, and the word programmer is usually a person who prepares applications software.
Firmware is a term that is commonly used to describe certain programs that are stored in ROM. Firmware often refers to a sequence of instructions (software) that is substituted for hardware. For example, in an instance where cost is more important than performance, the computer system architect might decide not to use special electronic circuits (hardware) to multiply two numbers, but instead write instructions (software) to cause the machine to accomplish the same function by repeated use of circuits already designed to perform addition.
Often programs, particularly systems software, are stored in an area of memory not used for applications software. These protected programs are stored in an area of memory called read-only memory (ROM), which can be read from but not written on.
2. ответьте на во используя информацию текста.
What is hardware?
Give the definition of software.
What are the types of software?
What are systems software?
What kind of tasks do systems software perform?
Who prepares systems software?
What are applications software?
What problems do applications software solve?
What is firmware?
How can a computer system architect use firmware?
Выполнение тестирования
TEST
Look at these descriptions of computer software, and match them with the names of the software listed opposite. When you have matched all of them, click the button at the bottom of the page to check your score.
1. This software sits between your programs and your hardware and makes your computer work. This is the one bit of software that every computer must have
2. You use this to write letters, essays, or even books. This program is used more than any other program on most people's computer, and almost every desktop computer has this program. They can be small and smiple, or big and complicated, but they all really do the same thing.
3. You use this when you want to send a message to someone over the internet. you have to be careful who you give your address to, or this poor program might have to deal with hundreds and hundreds of messages you don't want!
4. This is what you are using to look at the English for Everybody website right now. It is used for surfing the world wide web and for seeing pictures and text on the internet.
5. This is the program you use when you want to make your own pictures, or make changes to your digital photographs. some of these programs are hard to learn how to use, but they are very useful.
6. Do you do a magazine for your club or your college? Then you need this program - even if you don't use it a lot, it is very useful for making birthday cards, or announcements about parties and other events.
7. You can use this to organize your music collection, or your books. These programs are very important to businesses, and you can be certain your name is on many government and business computers in one of these programs right now!
8. These files are how you can tell what is happening on a computer or a website. If your computer is not working properly, these are the files that the repairman will want to see.
1 word processor
2 drawing program
3 database
4 operating system
5 log files
6 web browser
7 desktop publisher
8 mail client
i variant
open the brackets. conditional sentences.
1. emma (send) a card if she had remembered it was their anniversary.
2. if i were you, i (talk) to your sister.
3. if you (touch) that plate, you’ll burn your fingers.
4. if he had had money, he (buy) her a gift.
5. if my father … (return) early, we will watch tv together.
6. if mother … (buy) a cake, we would have a very nice tea party.
7. if you … (finish) in time, you wouldn’t have been late.
8. it … (be) better if you didn’t go there.
9. what … you … (do) if they won a lottery?
10. if you don’t come so early, they … (not get up).
проверочная по теме «условные предложения»
ii variant
open the brackets. conditional sentences.
1. if naomi campbell hadn’t been so beautiful, she (become) a supermodel.
2. if i (have to) work late, i will call you.
3. if i (miss) the bus, i wouldn’t have been late for my job interview.
4. if you heat water up to 100 °c, it (boil).
5. if i got a ticket, i … (go) to the concert.
6. if you … (not work) systematically, you will fail the exam.
7. the day … (be) fine if they hadn’t argued.
8. if i … (be) you i would ask for help.
9. what … you … (do) if the computer hadn’t worked?
10. if we recycle the litter the environment … (be) cleaner
ответ:
мою маму зовут ольга. ей 30 лет. он работает в городской детской больнице врачом-терапевтом. мне кажется, что врач – это благородная профессия. моя мама многим детям, которые болеют простудой или гриппом. мама хорошо знает, что полезно для здоровья, а что нет. поэтому я почти никогда не болею. мама работает пять дней в неделю по нескольку часов. обычно, когда я прихожу из школы, она уже дома. но иногда она приходит поздно.
моего папу зовут сергей. ему тоже 30 лет. он военный. папа работает в другом городе по нескольку дней. поэтому я часто его не вижу. однако после работы он приезжает домой на много дней. я мало знаю о папиной профессии. но я думаю, что она серьезная. может быть, даже опасная. папа хорошо разбирается в автоматах. он познакомил меня с различной техникой. когда-нибудь я хочу научиться стрелять из автомата. папа часто ходит на охоту и берет меня с собой. домой мы возвращаемся с какой-нибудь добычей.
the writing on "my parents 'profession'
my mother's name is olga. she is 30 years old. he works in an urban children's hospital physician-therapist. it seems to me that the doctor - it is a very noble profession. my mom is helping many children who suffer from a cold or flu. mom knows very well, that is good for health, and what not. so i almost never get sick. mom works five days a week for several hours. usually when i come home from school, she was at home. but sometimes it comes too late.
my dad called sergey. he is also 30 years old. he is a military man. dad works in another city for several days. so i do not see him often. however, after work he comes home for many days. i do not know much about my father's profession. but i think it is very serious. maybe even dangerous. the pope is well versed in vending machines. he introduced me to a different technique. someday i want to learn how to shoot a machine gun. the pope often goes on the hunt and takes me with him. home we come back with some prey
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объяснение:
можно сделать и короче.