Exercise 1:
Turn into reported speech.
1. "It's hot" Tom said that
2. "I have done my homework. " Tom said that ＿
3. "I will give you a book" Tom said that
4. "Do you smoke?" Tom asked me if
5. "Where does Bob live?" Tom asked me where
6. "Jane has not arrived yet" Tom told us that
7. "I'm so worried. " Tom, told us that
8. "I want to go away". Tom told us that

1. I get up after 8. I never get up earlier.
2. He cooks excellently.
3. What is he doing? He is cooking breakfast.
4. My parents finish work late at night.
5. Wait a little, I am finishing.
6. He is very busy now. His group is rehearsing.
7. They work hard.
8. They are working, don't put them off.
9. My TV isn't working.
10. My mother is washing up.
11. I write letters every Thursday.
12. I need some paper. I am writing a letter.
13. Where are you driving? I don't remember this road.
14. I don't understand what he is talking about.
15. My friends have a big house.
16. My friends are having supper at the moment.
17. He likes horror stories.
18. I don't think he loves her.
19. My children read many books.
20. I don't see you without my glasses.


Пояснения:

1. Present Simple; Present Simple.
2. Present Simple.
3. Present Continuous.
4. Present Simple.
5. Present Continuous.
6. Present Continuous.
7. Present Simple.
8. Present Continuous.
9. Present Continuous.
10. Present Continuous.
11. Present Simple.
12. Present Continuous.
13. Present Continuous; Present Simple.
14. Present Simple; Present Continuous.
15. Present Simple.
16. Present Continuous.
17. Present Simple. 
18. Present Simple; Present Simple.
19. Present Simple.
20. Present Simple.

A doctor had been sent for by the time I entered my house.
Доктора вызвали к тому времени, когда я пришёл домой.

Объяснения:

Когда в предложении времени в указании времени стоит by (означает к (к какому-то времени)), используется время Past Perfect.

Например,

I had washed the dishes by two o'clock.
Я помыл посуду к двум часам.

Если бы в предложении было не by two o'clock, а чёткое указание времени, например at two o'clock, то использовалось бы Past Simple.

Похожее правило есть в будущем времени. Если в предложении будущего времени в указании времени стоит by, то используется не Future Perfect.
The dishes will have been washed by two o'clock.
Посуда будет вымыта к двум часам.

Если бы by отсутствовало и вместо него было просто, например, at two o'clock, то использовалось бы простое будущее время — Future Simple.