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24.10.2021 20:30 •  Английский язык

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PIONEERS OF TOURISM
Thomas Cook (1808-1892)

In 1841 Thomas Cook from England opened (Past Simple, Active) the age of organized tourism.
He was the first person to develop mass tourism. Cook organized excursions and tours which opened up the world of travelling for plea¬sure to the middle class. A lot of things which we have in modern tou¬rism date back to Thomas Cook — things like traveller's cheques, hotel vouchers and chartered transport.
Thomas left school at the age of ten and worked at various jobs until 1828, when he became a Baptist missionary. In 1841 he persuaded the Midland Counties Railway Company to run a special train between Leicester and Loughborough for a temperance meeting on July 5. His first organized tour included a group of 570 people taking a train excursion. It was believed to be the first publicly advertised excursion train in England. Three years later the railway agreed to make the arrangement permanent if Cook would provide passengers for the excursion trains.
Great potential for travel business was observed at that time by British Baptist preacher, Thomas Cook. He realized that there was a great need, desire, and motivation for travel in industrial societies, and he immediately capitalized on this. Soon the first world travel agency was established to serve the emerging leisure travel market. He initiated the concept of the all-inclusive group tour.
In 1845 Thomas Cook started arranging trips to the seaside, the first being an outing from Leicester to New Brighton near Liverpool. In 1846 he was packing tours to Scotland that included not only travel by rail but also by new steamers.
During the Paris Exposition of 1855, excursions were being conducted from Leicester to Calais, France.
By 1855 first major continental tour had been organized but Cook lost his money. The next year he led his first Grand Tour of Europe. He managed to negotiate cheaper rates for crossing the English Channel. The cheaper rates were in return for a guarantee that he would bring large numbers — the essence of mass tourism. Tours to France and Switzerland had become regular since that time. The Swiss quickly recognized the need to build the things that the tourists wan¬ted — hotels and other facilities — so a whole tourist industry began to develop.
After the Suez Canal was opened in 1869, Egypt also became a popular destination for Cook's tours. Later, Cook's tours expanded to many other foreign destinations, such as the United States, and the Orient.
For the middle class tourists Thomas Cook offered an identification of sights which were worth seeing. Experienced English-speaking guides were also offered to accompany travelers, and the company of like-minded English people with whom to share experiences.
Now Thomas Cook Travel has become one of the largest multinational travel operations in the world, and Thomas Cook is recognized as the father of modern travel agency operations