Do you know that the Amazon rainforest is very big? It’s about five and a half million square kilometres. You will find the rainforest mostly in Brazil and in other South American countries.
It is very unusual. It’s very dark in it. If it stars raining there, you will have about 10 minutes to find your umbrella. There are so many trees that it can take 10 minutes for the rain to reach the ground.
10% of the world’s known species live in the Amazon rainforest. 20 % of all the birds in world live there. It is home to about 40, 000 plant species and 2.5 million different insect species. The animal types are different: from big to small, from cute to strange looking, from quiet to noisy. There are a number of dangerous species loving in the Amazon rainforest, for example the anaconda.
What will happen if all those animals, birds, fish, and plants lose their home, their natural habitat? Some animals will move to other places, but most of them will die out. Can it really happen? Yes, and it’s happening now. The rainforest is very old and big, but it is getting smaller every day. The problem is that people hunt animals, they cut down trees to make way for farm land. So many species of plants and animals have already become extinct. About 35 species of animals in the Amazon rainforest become extinct every day. Among the animals that are endangered now are the jaguar, gorilla and some others.
There is another problem, too. Trees and plants in the Amazon rainforest give us a lot of oxygen. If we cut them down, we lose this oxygen, and it can lead to temperature rise.
A number of ecological organizations are trying to save the Amazon rainforest. So if you want to save the rainforest on the Earth, do something! The rainforest will disappear at the end of the 21st century if you don’t save it. Every little can help.
1. It often rains in the Amazon rainforest.
a) True b) False c) Not stated
2. You can find all kinds of flora and fauna in the Amazon rainforest.
a) True b) False c) Not stated

3. All the animals in the Amazon rainforest look really strange.
a) True b) False c) Not stated
4. The Amazon rainforest appeared about 55 million years ago.
a) True b) False c) Not stated
5. Very many species of animals have become endangered there.
a) True b) False c) Not stated
6. People are destroying the rainforest because they are cutting down lots of trees and hunting animals.
a) True b) False c) Not stated
In the middle of the forest we could see a small lake trees.
between b) in c) among
Children! Behave while I am away!
a) good b) yourselves c) yourself
3. We have time left before the lesson begins. Hurry up!
a) few b) little c) a little
4. I am responsible planting trees in the schoolyard.
a) after b) about c) for
5. I skating when I was seven years old.
a) took up b) put off c) took in
6. Things that we throw away are .
a) waste b)extinct c) endangered
7. Some endangered animals can from our planet if we don’t protect them.
a) appear b) appearance c) disappear
8. Air pollution can the ecology of our planet.
a) damage b) protect c) save
Задание 3. Грамматика.
Прочитайте приведенные ниже предложения. Преобразуйте слова в скобках так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию предложений.
How long it usually (take) to get from Moscow to Vladivostok by train?
Mrs Robinson (be) a member of Greenpeace for ten years. She saves endangered animals.
If people (not, pour) dirty water into rivers and oceans, we will live in a better world.
You look tired. How long you (work) in the garden?
Alice (know) me since I was 15, but as a person, not as a writer.
Dinosaurs(become) extinct 65 million years ago.
If you want to have a pet, the first thing you should do (be) to think about how you will feed it.

Объяснение:

В вопросах мы используем и some, и any. Мы используем some, когда говорим о человеке или вещи, зная, что они существуют, или думая, что они существуют:

Are you waiting for somebody? (I think you are waiting for somebody)

Вы ждете кого-либо?

Мы используем some в вопросах, когда предлагаем или спрашиваем что-нибудь:

Would you like something to eat? (there is something to eat)

Вы хотели бы что-нибудь поесть?

Can I have some sugar, please? (there is probably some sugar I can have)

Можно мне немного сахара

Но в большинстве вопросов мы используем any. Мы не знаем существует ли человек или вещь:

‘Have you got any luggage?’ ‘No, I haven’t.’

‘У вас есть багаж?’ ‘Нет.’

I can’t find my bag. Has anybody seen it?

Я не могу найти свою сумку. Кто-нибудь видел её?

C

Мы часто используем any после if:

If there are any letters for me, can you send them on to this address?

Если ко мне будут (какие-нибудь) письма, можете отправить их на этот адрес?

If anyone has any questions, I’ll be pleased to answer them.

Если у кого-нибудь есть какие-либо вопросы, я с радостью на них отвечу.

Let me know if you need anything.

Сообщите (дайте мне знать), если вам что-нибудь понадобится.

В следующих предложениях нет if, но смысл такой же:

I’m sorry for any trouble I’ve caused. (= if I have caused any trouble)

Я извиняюсь за какие-либо причиненные мною проблемы (= если я причинил какие-либо проблемы)

Anyone who wants to do the exam must tell me by Friday. (= if there is anyone)

Все, кто хочет сдать экзамен, должны сообщить мне до пятницы. (= если (есть) кто-нибудь)

D

Мы также используем any в значении ‘не важно какой; любой’:

You can take any bus. They all go to the centre. (= не важно в какой автобус вы сядете)

‘Sing a song.’ ‘Which song shall I sing?’ ‘Any song. I don’t mind.’ (= любую песню)

Come and see me any time you want.

‘Let’s go out somewhere.’ ‘Where shall we go?’ ‘Anywhere. (Куда угодно.) I just want to go out.’

We left the door unlocked. Anybody could have come in. (Кто угодно мой зайти.)

Сравните something и anything:

A: I’m hungry. I want something to eat. (что-нибудь)

B: What would you like?

A: I don’t mind. Anything. (Всё, что угодно.) (= it doesn’t matter what)

E

Somebody/someone/anybody/anyone – слова в единственном числе:

Someone is here to see you.

Здесь кто-то хочет тебя видеть.

Но мы часто используем they/them/their после этих слов:

Someone has forgotten their umbrella. (= his or her umbrella)

Кто-то забыл свой зонт. (= его или её зонт)

If anybody wants to leave early, they can. (= he or she can)

Если кто-нибудь хочет уйти пораньше, вы можете это сделать. (= он или она может)

Упражнения

1. Выберите some или any.

We didn’t buy

any

flowers.

This evening I’m going out with

friends of mine.

A: Have you seen

good films recently?

B: No, I haven’t been to the cinema for ages.

I didn’t have

money, so I had to borrow

.

Can I have

milk in my coffee, please?

I was too tired to do

work.

You can cash these traveller’s cheques at

bank.

Can you give me

information about places of interest in the town?

With the special tourist train ticket, you can travel on

train you like.

If there are

words you don’t understand, use a dictionary.

Key

2. Закончите предложения с some- или any- + -body/-thing/-where.

I was too surprised to say

anything

.

There’s

at the door. Can you go and see who it is?

Does

mind if I open the window?

I wasn’t feeling hungry, so I didn’t eat

.

You must be hungry. Would you like

to eat?

Quick, let’s go! There’s

coming and I don’t want

to see us.

Sarah was upset about

and refused to talk to

.

This machine is very easy to use.

can learn to use it very quickly.

There was hardly

on the beach. It was almost deserted.

Key

‘Do you live

near Joe?’ ‘No, he lives in another part of town.’

‘Where shall we go on holiday?’ ‘Let’s go

warm and sunny.’

They stay at home all the time. They never seem to go

.

I’m going out now. If

phones while I’m out, can you tell them I’ll be back at 11.30?

Why are you looking under the bed? Have you lost

?

The police have asked that

who saw the accident should contact them.

‘Can I ask you

?’ ‘Sure. What do you want to ask?’

Sue is very secretive. She never tells

(2 words)

Key

3. Закончите предложения. Используйте any (+ существительное) или anybody/anything/anywhere.

— Which bus do I have to catch?

—

any bus

. They all go to the centre.

— Which day shall I come?

— I don’t mind.

.

— What do you want to eat?

—

. I don’t mind. Whatever you have.

— Where shall I sit?

— It’s up to you. You can sit

you like.

— What sort of job are you looking for?

—

. It doesn’t matter.

— What time shall I phone tomorrow?

—

. I’ll be in all day.

— Who shall I invite to the party?

— I don’t mind.

you like.

— Which newspaper shall I buy?

—

. Whatever they have in the shop.

Key

This story happened to me a few years ago. Sitting by the window and listening "A Winter's Tale", I was sad. I didn't use to like winter, because it's bleak and uninteresting. That was the Christmas night, but my mood wasn't the same. Suddenly I heard a strange noise. Like someon's walking through trees. This interested me, and I went out from the chalet and found a stringe of inconspicuous footprints. It was particularly  freezing hard, so I took warm clothes from the house and followed them. The footprints didn't even think to stop. Finally I reached their end. It was a large cavern. If the footprints didn't go into it, I would even not notice. Came into, I discovered a really weird situation - in the middle of a cave glade were a circle of big snowmen. Firstly I surprised, but then I thought - who built this? It's probably a man, whose footprints I saw during the way. I felt terrible, and hurried to get out of there. But I remember it forever - was it a winter's tale or a mysticism? Anyway, for some inexplicable reason from that time I began to like winter - except its cold

Объяснение: