Constitution of the United Kingdom.
The British Constitution is an unwritten constitution, not being contained in a single legal document. It is based on statutes and important documents (such as Magna Carta), case law (decisions taken by courts of law on constitutional matters), customs and conventions, and can be modified by a simple Act of Parliament like any other law. It contains two main principles the rule of law (i.e. that everyone, whatever his or her station, is subject to the law) and the supremacy of Parliament, which implies that there is no body that can declare the activities of Parliament unconstitutional and that Parliament can in theory do whatever it wishes.
The constitutional safeguard of the separation of powers between the Legislature (the two Houses of Parliament), which makes laws, the Executive (the Government), which puts laws into effect and plans policy, and the Judiciary, which decides on cases arising out of the laws, is only theoretical. The United Kingdom is one of six constitutional monarchies within the European Community.
Since the age of absolute monarchy there has been a gradual decline in the Sovereign's power and, while formally still the head of the executive and the judiciary, commander-in-chief of all the armed forces, and temporal governor of the Church of England, nowadays monarchs reign but they do not rule.
Напишите 8 во к тексту (2 общих, 2 специальных, 2 разделительных, 2 альтернативных).
Angie: Yes, I (went) there last year actually.
2. Anna: Oh no! I (think) I ___have (lost) my keys! ___Have___ you (seen) them anywhere?
Benny: Well, they (were) by the phone earlier this morning. __Have you (looked) there?
3. Petra: Do___ you (know) where Antonio is?
Gerta: Yes, he (is) in his bedroom. He (is doing) his homework.
4. Amit: I am___ (going) for a walk. _Do___ you (want) to come?
Ajay: No, thanks. I (am expecting) a phone call.
5. Pittara: Have___ you (seen) Sasha recently?
Peach: Yes, this morning actually while I (was driving) to work. But, I ___have (not spoken) to him for weeks.
6. Pascal: ___Did you (see) him at the party last night?
Francois: Yes, but he (left) when we (arrived).
My Favourite Writer (M. Lermontov)
One of Russia's most celebrated poets of all times, Michael Lermontov was born in Moscow in the family of a nobleman. He spent his childhood and youth in Tarckany, in the province of Penza.
In 1830 Lermontov entered the Moscow University, but very soon he had to leave it. Then he entered St. Petersburg School of Cavalry Cadets. He finished it and served in the Hussar Regiment of the Imperial Guard.
In 1837 the poet was exiled to the Caucasus for his poem "Poets Death". In 1840 Lermontov was exiled to the Caucasus for the second time. He was provoked into personal quarrel with his schoolmate. The quarrel led to a duel. On July 15th, 1841 the poet was killed. He was not even 27 at that time.
Lermontov began writing when he was very young. One of his first writings to be published was his verse tale "Hadji Arbek".
But he won fame as a poet after his poem "Poets Death" was published. Lermontov's poems "Demon" "Mtsyri" his great novel "A Hero of Our Time" and his play "Masquerade" are masterpieces of Russian literature.
Whether he wrote poetry, drama or prose, the stamp of his genius was to be found on his works. Lermontov's influence as of a poet and a thinker on all Russian writes can't be overestimated.