Caucasian cuisine is rich in various appetizers, soups, hot and cold dishes. A
great variety of green vegetables is used in making appetizers. They are: egg-plants,
tomatoes, string-beans, cabbage, sauerkraut, cauliflower, beets, potatoes, garlic,
brown onions, spinach and also greens, spices, mushrooms, eggs and walnuts.
The latter are used in making sauces to dishes of all kind. What appetizers can guests
taste? Here are some of them. 1) Egg-plants stuffed with walnuts, garlic, brownonion,
cut small kinza, celery, parsley, dried cinnamon, clove, winy vinegar, cayenne, salt. 2)
Baked egg-plants with walnuts and pomegranate. 3) Fried egg-plants and tomato
sauce. 4) Salted egg-plants and walnuts. 5) Grilled mushrooms and walnut sauce. 6)
Stewed tomatoes and walnuts. 7) String-bean salad. 8) Spinach, garlic and thick sour-
cream etc.
There are soups to any taste but most popular are spicy soup khartcho, tender
chihirtma and thick chanahy.
As for meat dishes, the guests can taste meat-boiled, roast, stewed, grilled and
on a spit. For example: 1) boiled beef in tomato sauce with greens; 2) roast beef and
string-beans with greens; 3)beef fillet stewed in walnut and tomato sauce; 4) pork fillet
stewed with quince; 5) boiled mutton in garlic sauce; 6) liver in pomegranate sauce; 7)
pilaf.
Meat on a spit shashlyk is served everywhere in Georgia. It is suckling, lamb,
beef, chicken and even kidneys.
The poultry dishes are also very popular in Caucasian cookery: 1) oiled
chicken in garlic sauce; 2) roast or boiled chicken in walnut sauce (bazha). The sauce
is made from minced walnuts, garlic, cut small kinza, salt and vinegar. The chicken is
roasted or boiled, then cut in pieces, put on a dish and poured with this sauce. 3)
chakhohbily of chicken; 4) chicken "Tabaka"; 5) satsivy of poultry.
How about fish and fish dishes? The guests can taste: 1) fried fish in tomato
sauce; 2) boiled fish in garlic sauce; 3) satsivy of fish. There are many egg-dishes: 1)
cheese-sulguny and eggs; 2) tomatoes and eggs; 3) string-beans and eggs; 4)
walnuts, pomegranate and eggs and some others.
Let us add a few words about baked items. We all know khachapouri - pies
with cheese and egg filling. But not everybody knows that khachapouri can be baked
with potatoes, kidney-beans or top beets. Then go pies with raisins and walnuts,
honey pies and sweet, delicious gozinaky (shelled chopped walnuts boiling with
honey). Gozinaky is a traditional New-Year dish. For tea you can have a great variety
of jams: apricot, sweet cherries, water-melon, fig, quince and even green tomato jams
Notwithstanding that cinema came to Turkey as early as the late 1890s, the actual start of film-making in Turkey was much later. Encountering many tribulation from the shooting of the first film in 1914 up until now, Turkish cinema is in its present state today because of original works produced by using its own resources. Despite all the economic crisis and lack of a legal framework within which to operate that Turkish cinema has had to surmount, thanks to the efforts of Turkish directors, script writers, actors, actresses and technicians, Turkish cinema has carved out a respectable position and succeeded in competing with the powerful foreign movie industry. Today, Turkish cinema has come to be an internationally recognized modern art enjoying a huge popularity in foreign countries, and at international film festivals which frequently both recognize and award its successes.
Дебют кинематографии в Турции восходит к почти году назад, после того как два молодых французов, братья Люмьер провели свою первую выставку фильма 22 декабря 1895 года в кафе в Париже. Первоначальный показ в Турции был частным,проводился он в султанском дворе и дворце Йылдыз в Стамбуле. Впоследствии румынский гражданин польского происхождения Зигмунд Вайнберг публично представлял фильмы в пивном зале на площади Галатасарай в Стамбуле, представив это необычайное искусство многим турецким людям.
Несмотря на то, что кино появилось в Турции еще в конце 1890-х годов, фактическое начало кинопроизводства в Турции было намного позже. Столкнувшись с множеством несчастий со съемок первого фильма в 1914 году, до наших пор, турецкое кино сегодня находится в нынешнем состоянии из-за оригинальных произведений, созданных с использования собственных ресурсов. Несмотря на весь экономический кризис и отсутствие правовой базы, в рамках которой турецкое кино пришлось преодолевать трудности, благодаря усилиям турецких режиссеров, сценаристов, актеров, актрис и техников, турецкое кино вырезало достойную позицию и преуспело в борьбе с мощной иностранной киноиндустрией. Сегодня турецкое кино стало признанным во всем мире современным искусством, пользующимся огромной популярностью в зарубежных странах, а также на международных кинофестивалях, которые часто признают и присуждают его успехи.
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