Аю Are these statements true or false? Correct the false ones. с решение и переводом 1 .Alexander writes in his diary a list of all activities, entertainments and hobbies
practised by people in their free time.
2 Alexander has no hobby and wants to select one.
3 He meets with his friend to discuss this problem.
4.. Hobbies give people a sense of excitement and expectation.
5 Today people spend a lot of time watching different informative, educational or
environment programmes.
6 Women prefer aerobics, shopping and cooking.
7 A hobby is an active pastime like sports or training dogs.
8 In order to relax most people prefer a calm way of spending their free time.
10 People prefer ready-made things to hand-made ones.
Alexander thinks that he has too many hobbies and too little time. He wants to
share his concern with his friend Peter from Poland. As Peter is coming to Moscowonly in two month's time, Alexander decides to write him. But before writing an
email, he puts his ideas in his diary:
Nowadays it's hard to name all the activities, entertainments and hobbies
practised by people in their free time. A growing number of people prefer
watching films, performances, sporting events on TV to attending them.
There exist quite different sorts of leisure activities which give thousands of
people a sense of excitement and expectation. There are various pursuits that
people choose to pass their free time.Today people spend hours watching
different informative, educational or environment programmes. Other popular
occupations are surfing the Internet, playing computer games, listening to the
radio, rading books (often ebooks!), painting and so on. Many people prefer to go
in for different kinds of sports and lead an active way of life. Sometimes they
participate in competitions or contests and have a very good pastime. There are
people that prefer a calm way of spending their free time. They are fond of walks
in parks or gardens. More serious people prefer to visit museums, art galleries or
theatres.
Aerobics and shopping are two of the most popular pursuits for women.
Cooking Is also a very widespread activity among them. But nothing can be
compared to your favourite hobby. A hobby is a special interest or activity that
you do in your free time. Some people have animals as hobbies. They keep rabbits,
or go fishing, or train dogs to do tricks. Some are crazy about plants. They try to
grow cacti or tropical flowers in their kitchens and sitting rooms. Others are mad
about their cars or motorbikes. They spend their Saturdays and Sundays washing
them, painting them or buying new parts to make them go even faster.
She said to us " Do it as soon as you can". She told us a) to do it as soon as we could.
Direct-indirect conversion
При переводе прямой речи в косвенную, временная форма сдвигается на шаг в кроме следующих случаев:
1. Если слова автора в настоящем или будущем времени. He will say that he has been there before. Он скажет, что уже был здесь.
2. Действие в Past Perfect (Continuous) или в Future-in-the-Past.
3. Обстоятельства времени не изменились. He said that he bought it yesterday. Он сказал, что купил это вчера.
4. Утверждение всегда верно. The teacher said that water boils at 100 C. Учитель сказал, что вода кипит при ста градусах.
5. Утверждение верно длительный период времени или в текущем отрезке времени. She said that she loves you. Она сказала, что любит тебя.
6. Сообщение повторяется сразу же. He said that the food is delicious. Он сказал, что еда изыскана.
7. В условных предложениях 2 типа. He said that if he were you, he wouldn’t do that. Он сказал, что на твоём месте он не стал бы этого делать.
8. Желаемые события. She said she wished she were younger. Она о том, что она не моложе.
9. Глагол ought to. He said they ought to be careful. Он сказал, что им следует быть осторожней.
10. Глагол must в значении «должно быть». He said that they must be at home. Он сказал, что они должно быть дома.
Для передачи общих вопросов используется if или whether. Вопросительные предложения передаются с прямым порядком слов: He asked me if/whether they were at home. С глаголом-связкой порядок может быть обратным: He asked me what was the price.
При сдвиге временной формы глагола в в косвенной речи, по ситуации, изменяются обстоятельства места и времени, местоимения, а также, происходит отстранение от эмоций:
this – that, these – those, here – there, now - then (at that moment, at once, immediately), come – go, today – (on) that day, yesterday – the day before(earlier), tomorrow - (on) the next (following) day, last week – the week before, ago - before(earlier), next week – the next (following) week, now that – since, so – very, yes/no – answered in the positive/negative, he - that man, we - they, come - go.
Если из прямой речи лицо не известно, используется местоимение they, а в словах автора wanted to know, wondered:
He said: “Come here”. – He told them to come up to him.
He said: “Where are you going?” – He wanted to know/wondered where they were going.