19:04 STATE HOLIDAYS AND NATIONAL
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HOLIDAYS. MEALS OF THE PEOPLE LIVING IN KAZAKHSTAN
Kazakhstan has many state and national holidays. The first of them is New Year. New Year's Day is the start of a new year. We celebrate it on the first day of January, but the celebration actually begins on December 31, New Year's Eve, the night before New Year's Day. People congratulate each other, hug, sing and stay up all night. It is the most wonderful time of the year, especially for children.
The 8th of March, International Women's Day are actively celebrated in Kazakhstan every year. Kazakhstan people's culture to respect women - mothers, wives, daughters and sisters make the importance of this holiday even stronger. 8th March starts off the spring in Kazakhstan having people warmed up for the upcoming Spring Holiday of Nauryz on the 22nd of March.
Kazakhstan celebrates Nauryz Meyramy or Kazak New Year during the vernal equinox. Nauryz is one of the important holidays in Kazakhstan. Although the holiday is non religious in nature, it was tied up to a number of legends such as the awakening of nature and the triumph of good over evil. During Nauryz, people would be very kind and hospitable, forgetting about previous quarrels, making friends, and wishing each other happiness. Hostesses19:04
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would prepare Nauryz kozhe (dish made o seven traditional ingredients) and invite neighbours to taste it.
Kazakhstan also celebrates the end of World War II on May 9. This day is known as Victory Day over Nazi Germany. It is considered to be a national holiday since 1945 until today.
One of the major state holidays is Independence Day. On December 16, 1991 Kazakhstan adopted the Constitutional Law about the independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In 2021 Kazakhstan will celebrate the 30th anniversary of its independence. Kazakhstan is a very young independent state but during this short period, big changes have happened in the country. Our country has an international confession and occupies a worthy place in the world economy.
Each holiday is certainly connected with meals. Meals in Kazakh culture is a very big part of their heritage. If you visit a Kazakh family you can be sure of two things: there will be more than enough food to eat, and there will be meat, possibly of different types. Traditional Kazakh dishes are beshbarmak ("five fingers" because of the manner in it is eaten), manty (a large dough pocket filled with meat, onion, and sometimes pumpkin), baursaks (fried dough balls), raisins, irimshik (dried cheese balls), kurt (dried cheese and whey), kumysmeals. Meals in Kazakh culture is a very big part of their heritage. If you visit a Kazakh family you can be sure of two things: there will be more than enough food to eat, and there will be meat, possibly of different types. Traditional Kazakh dishes are beshbarmak ("five fingers" because of the manner in it is eaten), manty (a large dough pocket filled with meat, onion, and sometimes pumpkin), baursaks (fried dough balls), raisins, irimshik (dried cheese balls), kurt (dried cheese and whey), kumys (fermented mare's milk), shubat (fermented camel's milk) or airan (fermented cow's milk), kasy (horse sausage)., Kazakhs often drink tea with their daily meals. Tea is an important part of life in Kazakhstan. Every guest is always offered tea.
Answer the questions:
What holiday is celebrated during the
vernal equinox?
Independence Day
Victory Day
Nauryz Meyramy or Kazak New Year
to distrust - не доверять
dishonest - нечестный
discomfort - дискомфорт, неудобство
disinterested - незаинтересованный
disharmony - дисгармония
to displace - вытеснять
nonfiction - документальный
nonpayment - неуплата
nonsmoker - некурящий
noneuropean - не европейский
nonmetal - неметалл
nonpolitical - не политический
to undo - отменять
unafraid - бесстрашный
unchangeable - неизменный
unclean - нечистый
uncomfortable - неудобный
uncooked - неприготовленный, сырой
unhappy - несчастливый
unimportant - неважный
uninteresting - безынтересный
unloved - нелюбимый
unlucky - невезучий
unmarried - незамужний, неженатый
unpleasant - неприятный
unreal - ненастоящий, нереальный
to unpack - распаковывать
immoral - аморальный
imperfect - несовершенный
irresponsible - безответственный
irregular - нерегулярный
St. Petersburg
St. Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia and one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
St. Petersburg was the capital of Russia from 1712 to 1918.
It is located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea.
1) Saint Petersburg was founded by Tsar Peter the Great as a fortress and the ‘Window on Europe’ in 1703.
In 1914 the name of the city was changed from Saint Petersburg to Petrograd, in 1924 to Leningrad, and in 1991, back to Saint Petersburg.
Today many people call the second Russian capital Peter for short.
Saint Petersburg is a major European cultural center, and also an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea.
3) The climate.
As the city is situated on the banks of the Neva River near the Baltic Sea, strong winds blow from the sea.
There are a lot of cold and rainy days in St Petersburg.
As a rule there is not a lot of sunshine and the weather is often unpleasant in autumns and winters.
4) St Petersburg is a charming city famous for its beauty.
The Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg Winter Palace and Dvortsovaya Square and Related Groups of Monuments constitute a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Winter Palace and Dvortsovaya Square are home to the Hermitage, one of the largest art museums in the world.
The main street in St Petersburg is Nevsky Prospect.
Peter and Paul Fortress and Cathedral Peter and Paul Fortress is a symbol of St. Petersburg. It is the building the history of St. Petersburg began with.
The main symbols of St Petersburg are also St. Isaac’s Cathedral, which has room for 12000 people at once; the Bronze Horseman, one of the monuments to Peter the Great, Kazan Cathedral and some others.
Museums: the Winter Palace, the Kunstkamera, the Russian Museum which is the first state museum of Russian fine arts in the country. It holds one of the largest collections of Russian art in the world. It was founded in 1895 in St. Petersburg by Emperor Nicholas II.
St Petersburg is famous for its White Nights and drawbridges. The city is sometimes called Russian Venice for it stands on forty-two islands and there are 342 bridges across rivers and canals. There are a lot of beautiful parks and gardens in and round the city. One of them is the Summer garden. It was founded in 1704 by order of Peter the Great, who was personally involved in planning it, and is laid out according to strict geometrical principles. The Summer Garden is home to marble statues acquired from Europe especially for Russia's new capital, and also to rare flowers and plants, as well as fountains.
St Petersburg is a major industrial, cultural and scientific centre. There are over 80 museums, more than 20 theatres, a lot of exhibitions, clubs, universities, colleges, schools and parks.
More than 5 million people live in St Petersburg (2019 г.). Everybody is happy to visit this cultural capital of Russia to see its numerous landmarks.