12. A. Study the Reference Grammar material to find out how to use continuous tenses. B. Look at the examples and say which of the rules they illustrate.
Lucy is coming to see us on Sunday morning.
Tom was only 20 when the Second World War began. He was living with his mother at that time.
He is always borrowing money!
(In a restaurant) — What would you like to drink, sir? — Nothing, thank you. I’m driving.
At this time tomorrow I will be lying on the beach.
As I was walking down the road I saw Irene.
I can’t take the phone: I am washing up.
While I was reading John was playing the guitar.
It was raining all night.
Зарание большое !
Обьяснение
Разница между глаголами Have to и Have got to малоразличима, но, как правило, have to означает повторяющееся действие, а have got to – конкретное:
I have to visit my grandma every week.
Я должен навещать бабушку каждую неделю.
Have you got to visit your grandma tomorrow?
Тебе нужно завтра навестить бабушку?
Глагол Have (got) to используется для выражения необходимости что-то сделать из-за определенных обстоятельств, то есть не из добровольного стремления:
Alex has to make many international phone calls.
Алексу приходится делать много международных звонков.
We were very short on time so we had to take taxi.
У нас было очень мало времени, поэтому мы были вынуждены взять такси.
Также Have to заменяет модальный глагол Must там, где тот не может использоваться – в и будущем времени, а также при отрицаниях:
Yesterday I had to help my sister.
Вчера я должен был сестре.
The road is blocked, the bus will have to go around.
Дорога перекрыта, автобусу придется ехать в объезд.
You don’t have to work full time.
Вам не нужно работать полный рабочий день.
Bears are mammals that belong to the family Ursidae. They can be as small as 1.5 m long and about 27 kg (the sun bear) to as big as 2.4 m long and more than 450 kg (the polar bear). They’re found throughout North America, South America, Europe, and Asia.
There are eight species: Asiatic black bears (also called moon bears), brown bears (which include grizzly bears), giant pandas, North American black bears, polar bears, sloth bears, spectacled bears (also called Andean bears), and sun bears.
Bears have short tails and excellent sense of smell. They’re typically solitary, except for mothers with cubs. On average, bears can live up to 25 years in the wild and 50 in captivity.